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 ASP.NET Web Pages  - Tutorial
Easy Learning with "Run Example"
Our "Run Example" tool displays the ASP.NET code and the HTML output simultaneously.

Click on the "Run Example" button to see how it works:


Web Pages Example
<html>

<body>

     <h1>Hello Web Pages</h1>

     <p>The time is @DateTime.Now</p>

</body>

</html>
Run Example 


ASP.NET Web Pages
Web Pages is one of many programming models for creating ASP.NET web sites and web applications.

Web Pages provides an easy way to combine HTML, CSS, and server code: 


Easy to learn, understand, and use Uses an SPA application model (Single Page Application) Similar to PHP and Classic ASP VB (Visual Basic) or C# (C sharp) scripting languages 

In addition, Web Pages applications are easily extendable with programmable helpers for databases, videos, graphics, social networking and more.




Web Pages Tutorial
If you are new to ASP.NET, Web Pages is a perfect place to start. 

In this Web Pages tutorial you will learn how to combine HTML, CSS, JavaScript and server code, using server code written in VB or C# .

You will also learn how to extend your web pages with programmable Web Helpers. 




Web Pages Examples
Learn by examples!

Because ASP.NET code is executed on the server, you cannot view the code in your browser. You will only see the output as plain HTML. 

At W3Schools every example displays the hidden ASP.NET code. This makes it easier for you to understand how it works.


 Web Pages Examples



Web Pages References
At the end of this tutorial you will find a complete set of ASP.NET references with objects, components, properties and methods.


 Web Pages References



 ASP.NET Web Pages - Adding Razor Code

Razor Markup
Razor is a simple markup syntax for embedding server code 
(C# or VB) into ASP.NET web pages.



Example
<!DOCTYPE html>


<html lang="en">

<head>

     <meta charset="utf-8" />

     <title>Web Pages Demo</title>

</head>

<body>

     <h1>Hello Web Pages</h1> 

     <p>The time is @DateTime.Now</p>

</body>

</html>


Run example 


The page above contains both ordinary HTML markup and Razor markup.



Razor Syntax for C#

C# code blocks are enclosed in @{ ... }
  Inline expressions (variables or functions) start with @
  Code statements end with semicolon
  Variables are declared with the var keyword, or the datatype (int, string, 
  etc.) 
  Strings are enclosed with quotation marks
  C# code is case sensitive
  C# files have the extension .cshtml

C# Example
<!-- Single statement block -->
@{ var myMessage =    "Hello World"; }


<!-- Inline expression or variable -->

<p>The value of myMessage is: @myMessage</p> 


<!--    Multi-statement block -->
@{

var greeting = "Welcome to our site!";

var weekDay = DateTime.Now.DayOfWeek;

var greetingMessage = greeting + " Today is: " + weekDay;

}
<p>The greeting is: @greetingMessage</p>

    Run example 



Razor Syntax for VB

VB code blocks are enclosed in @Code ... End Code
  Inline expressions (variables or functions) start with @
  Variables are declared with the Dim keyword
  Strings are enclosed with quotation marks
  VB code is not case sensitive
  VB files have the extension .vbhtml

VB Example
<!-- Single statement block  --> 
@Code dim myMessage = "Hello World" End Code

 

<!-- Inline expression or variable --> 

<p>The value of myMessage is: @myMessage</p> 

 

<!-- Multi-statement block --> 
@Code

dim greeting = "Welcome to our site!" 

dim weekDay = DateTime.Now.DayOfWeek 

dim greetingMessage = greeting & " Today is: " & weekDay

End Code



<p>The greeting is: @greetingMessage</p>
Run example 


More About C# and Visual Basic
If you want to learn more about Razor, and the C# and Visual Basic 
programming languages:

Go to the Razor section of 
this tutorial. 



 ASP.NET Web Pages - Page Layout

consistent layout.


A Consistent Look
On the Internet you will discover many web sites with a consistent look and 
feel:


Every page have the same header
  Every page have the same footer
  Every page have the same style and layout

With Web Pages this can be done very efficiently. You can have reusable 
blocks of content (content blocks), like headers and footers, in separate files.

You can 
also define a consistent layout for all your pages, using a layout template 
(layout file).


Content Blocks
Many websites have content that is displayed on every 
page (like headers and footers).

With Web Pages you can use the @RenderPage() method to import content from separate 
files.

Content block (from another file) can be imported anywhere in a web page, and 
can contain text, markup, and code, just like any regular web page. 

Using common headers and footers as an example, this saves you a lot of work. You don't have to write the 
same content in every page, and when you change the header or footer files, the 
content is 
updated in all your pages.

This is how it looks in code:


Example
<html>

<body>
@RenderPage("header.cshtml")

<h1>Hello Web Pages</h1> 

<p>This is a paragraph</p>
@RenderPage("footer.cshtml")

</body>

</html>
Run example 



Using a Layout Page
In the previous section, you saw that including the same content in many 
web pages is easy.

Another approach to creating a consistent look is to use a layout page. A layout page 
contains the structure, but not the content, of a web page. When a web page 
(content page) is linked to a layout page, it will be displayed 
according to the layout page (template).

The layout page is just like a normal web page, except from a call to the
@RenderBody() method where the content page will be 
included.

Each content page must start with a Layout directive.

This is how it looks in code:


Layout Page:
<html>
<body>
<p>This is header text</p>
@RenderBody()

<p>&copy; 2014 W3Schools. All rights reserved.</p>
</body>
</html>


Any Web Page:
@{Layout="Layout.cshtml";}

<h1>Welcome to W3Schools</h1>

<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit,sed do eiusmod tempor 
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis 
nostrud exercitation ullamco laborisnisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
</p>

Run example 


D.R.Y. - Don't Repeat Yourself
With two ASP.NET tools, Content Blocks and Layout Pages, you can give your 
web applications a consistent look.

These tools also save you a lot of work, since you don't have to repeat the 
same information on all pages. Centralizing markup, style, and code makes web 
applications much more manageable and easier to maintain.



Preventing Files from Being Browsed
With ASP.NET, files with a name that starts with an underscore cannot be 
browsed from the web.

If you want to prevent your content blocks or layout files from being viewed 
by your users, rename the files to:

_header.cshtml

_footer.cshtml

_Layout.cshtml



Hiding Sensitive Information
With ASP.NET, the common way to hide sensitive information (database passwords, 
email passwords, etc.) is to keep the information in a separate file named 
"_AppStart".

_AppStart.cshtml
@{
WebMail.SmtpServer = "mailserver.example.com";

WebMail.EnableSsl = true;
WebMail.UserName = "username@example.com";

WebMail.Password = "your-password";
WebMail.From = "your-name-here@example.com";

}




 id="mypagediv2" style="position:relative;text-align:center;">



 ASP.NET Web Pages - Folders


In this chapter you will learn:


About Logical and Physical folder structures
  About Virtual and Physical names
  About web URLs and Paths


Logical Folder Structure

Below is a typical folder structure for an ASP.NET web pages web site: 


The "Account" folder contains logon and security files
The "App_Data" folder contains databases and data files
The "Images" folder contains images
  The "Scripts" folder contains browser scripts
The "Shared" folder contains common files (like layout and style files)


Physical Folder Structure

The physical  
structure for the "Images" folder at the website above might look like this on a computer:


C:\Johnny\Documents\MyWebSites\Demo\Images 



Virtual and Physical Names

From the example above:


The virtual name of a web picture might be "Images/pic31.jpg".


But the physical name is "C:\Johnny\Documents\MyWebSites\Demo\Images\pic31.jpg"



URLs and Paths
URLs are used to access files from the web:
https://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_intro.asp 

The URL corresponds 
to a physical file on a server: C:\MyWebSites\w3schools\html\html5_intro.asp 


A virtual 
path is shorthand to represent physical paths. If you use virtual paths, you can move your 
pages to a different domain 
(or server) without having to update the paths. 


URL https://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_intro.asp
Server name w3schools
Virtual path /html/html5_intro.asp
Physical path C:\MyWebSites\w3schools\html\html5_intro.asp

The root on a disk drive is written like C:\, but the root on a web site is  / 
(forward slash).

The virtual path of a 
web folder is (almost) never the same as the physical folder.

In your code you will, reference both the physical path and the virtual path, depending on what 
you are coding. 

ASP.NET has 3 tools for working with folder paths: the ~ operator, the Server.MapPath method, 
and the Href method.


The ~ Operator
To specify the virtual root in programming code, use the ~ operator.

If you use the ~ operator, instead of a path, you can move your website to a different folder or 
location without changing any code:


var myImagesFolder = "~/images";

var myStyleSheet = "~/styles/StyleSheet.css";


The Server.MapPath Method
The Server.MapPath method converts a virtual path (/default.cshtml) to a physical path that the server can understand (C:\Johnny\MyWebSited\Demo\default.cshtml).

You will use this method when you need to open data files located on the server (data files can only be accessed with a full physical path):


var pathName = "~/dataFile.txt";
var fileName = Server.MapPath(pathName);You will learn more about reading from (and writing to) data files on the server in the next chapter of this tutorial.



The Href Method
The Href method converts a path used in the code to a path that the browser can understand (the browser cannot understand the ~ operator).

You use the Href method to create paths to resources like image files, and CSS files.

You will often use this method in HTML 
<a>, <img>, and <link> elements:


@{var myStyleSheet = "~/Shared/Site.css";}

<!-- This creates a link to the CSS file. -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="@Href(myStyleSheet)" 
/>

<!-- Same as : -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/Shared/Site.css" 
/>
The Href method is a method of the WebPage Object.


 ASP.NET Web Pages - Global Pages


Before Web Startup: _AppStart

Most server side code are written inside individual web pages. For example, if a web page contains an input form, the web page typically contains server code for reading the data.


However, by creating a page named _AppStart in the root of your site, you can have startup code executed before the site starts. If this page exists, ASP.NET runs it the first time any page in the site is requested.


Typical use for _AppStart is startup code and initialization of global values like counters and global names.


Note 1: _AppStart should have the same file extension as your web pages, like: _AppStart.cshtml.  


Note 2: _AppStart has an underscore prefix. Because of this, the files cannot be browsed directly.


Before Every Page: _PageStart

Just like _AppStart runs before your site starts, you can write code that runs before any page in each folder.


For each folder in your web, you can add a file named _PageStart.


Typical use for _PageStart is setting the layout page for all pages in a folder, or checking that a user is logged in before running a page.


How Does it Work?

The following diagram shows how it works:





When a request comes in, ASP.NET checks whether _AppStart exists. 
If so, and this is the first request to the site, _AppStart runs.


Then ASP.NET checks whether _PageStart exists. If so, _PageStart runs, before the requested page.


If you include a call to RunPage() inside _PageStart you specify where you want the requested page to run. If not, the _PageStart runs before the requested page.


 ASP.NET Web Pages - HTML Forms

controls (text boxes, check boxes, radio buttons, and pull-down lists).


Creating an HTML Input Page

Razor Example
<html>

<body> 
@{

if (IsPost) { 

string companyname = Request["CompanyName"]; 

string contactname = Request["ContactName"]; 
<p>You entered: <br />

Company Name: @companyname <br />

Contact Name: @contactname </p>

}

else

{
<form method="post" action="">

    Company Name:<br />

<input type="text" name="CompanyName" value="" /><br />

    Contact Name:<br />

<input type="text" name="ContactName" value="" /><br /><br />

    <input type="submit" value="Submit" class="submit" />

</form>
}
} 

</body> 

</html>
Run example 



Razor Example - Displaying Images
Suppose you have 3 images in your image folder, and you want to display images dynamically by the users choice.

This is easily done by a little Razor code. 

If you have an image called "Photo1.jpg" in your images folder on your web site, you can display the image using an HTML <img> element like this:

<img src="images/Photo1.jpg" alt="Sample" />
The example below shows how to display a selected picture which the user selects from a drop-down list:  


Razor Example


@{

var imagePath=""; 

if (Request["Choice"] != null)

   {imagePath="images/" + Request["Choice"];} 

} 
<!DOCTYPE html> 

<html> 

<body> 

<h1>Display Images</h1> 

<form method="post" action=""> 

I want to see: 

<select name="Choice"> 

     
<option value="Photo1.jpg">Photo 1</option> 

     
<option value="Photo2.jpg">Photo 2</option> 

     
<option value="Photo3.jpg">Photo 3</option> 

</select> 

<input type="submit" value="Submit" /> 

    @if (imagePath != "")

{
<p>
<img src="@imagePath" alt="Sample" />
</p>
}  

</form> 

</body> 

</html>

Run example 


Example explained
The server creates a variable called imagePath.

The HTML page has a drop-down list (a <select> element) named Choice. 
It lets the user select a friendly name (like Photo 1), and passes a file 
name (like Photo1.jpg) when the page is submitted to the web server.

The Razor code reads the value of Choice by Request["Choice"]. If it has a value the 
code constructs a path to the image images/Photo1.jpg, and stores it in the 
variable imagePath.

In the HTML page there is an <img>
element to display the image. The src attribute is set to the value of the imagePath 
variable when the page displays.

The <img> element is in an if block to 
prevent trying to display an image with no name (like the first time the page is 
displayed).



 ASP.NET Web Pages - Objects


The Page Object
You have already seen some Page Object methods in use:

    @RenderPage("header.cshtml")

@RenderBody()

In the previous chapter you saw two Page Object properties being used (IsPost, and 
Request):

    If (IsPost) {

if (Request["Choice"] != null) {


Some Page Object Methods

Method Description
href Builds a URL using the specified parameters
RenderBody() Renders the portion of a content page that is not within a named section (In layout pages)
RenderPage(page) Renders the content of one page within another page
RenderSection(section) Renders the content of a named section (In layout pages)
Write(object) Writes the object as an HTML-encoded string
WriteLiteral Writes an object without HTML-encoding it first.



Some Page Object Properties

Property Description
IsPost Returns true if the HTTP data transfer method used by the client is a POST request
Layout Gets or sets the path of a layout page
Page Provides property-like access to data shared between pages and layout pages 
Request Gets the HttpRequest object for the current HTTP request
Server Gets the HttpServerUtility object that provides web-page processing methods


The Page Property (of the Page Object)
The Page property of the Page Object, provides property-like access to data shared between pages and layout pages.

You can use (add) your own properties to the Page property:


Page.Title
  Page.Version
  Page.anythingyoulike



The pages property is very helpful. For instance, it makes it possible to set the page title in content files, and use it in the layout file:


Home.cshtml
    @{
Layout="~/Shared/Layout.cshtml";
Page.Title="Home Page"
}


    <h1>Welcome to W3Schools</h1> 

<h2>Web Site Main Ingredients</h2>

<p>A Home Page (Default.cshtml)</p>
<p>A Layout File (Layout.cshtml)</p>

    <p>A Style Sheet (Site.css)</p>


Layout.cshtml
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>@Page.Title</title>
</head>
<body>
@RenderBody()

    </body>

    </html>



 id="mypagediv2" style="position:relative;text-align:center;">



 ASP.NET Web Pages - Files


Working with Text Files
Sometimes you will want to access data stored in text files.

Text files used to store data is often called flat files.

Common flat file formats are .txt, .xml, and .csv (comma-delimited values). 

In this chapter you will learn:


How to read and display data from a text file


Add a Text File Manually
In the example to follow, you will need a text file to work with.

On your web site, if you don't have an App_Data folder, create one.

In the App_Data folder, create a new file named Persons.txt.

Add the following content to the file: 


Persons.txt
George,Lucas

Steven,Spielberg

Alfred,Hitchcock



Displaying Data from a Text File
The example below shows how to display data from a text file:  


Example

    @{
var dataFile = Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/Persons.txt");

    Array userData = File.ReadAllLines(dataFile);
}

<!DOCTYPE 
    html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>Reading Data from a File</h1>
@foreach (string dataLine in userData) 
{
  foreach 
    (string dataItem in dataLine.Split(',')) 
  {@dataItem <text>&nbsp;</text>}
  
    <br />
}
</body>
</html>

Run example 


Example explained
Server.MapPath finds the exact text file path.

File.ReadAllLines opens the text file and reads all lines from the file into an array.

For each dataItem in each dataline of the array the data is displayed.


Displaying Data from an Excel File
With Microsoft Excel, you can save a spreadsheet as a comma separated text file (.csv file). When you do so, each row in the spreadsheet is saved as a text line, and each data column is separated by a comma. 

You can use the example above to read an Excel .csv file (just change the file name to the name of the Excel file).



 ASP.NET Web Pages - Databases


What We Will Do
In this chapter we will:


Create a web page to list data from a database


Displaying Data from Database

With Web Pages, you can easily display data from a database.

You can connect to an existing database, or create a new database from scratch.

In this example we will connect to an existing SQL Server Compact database.


Adding a Customers Page
In the "DemoWebPages" folder, create a new CSHTML file named "Products.cshtml".


Replace the code in the file with the code from the example below:


Products.cshtml
@{

var db = Database.Open("SmallBakery"); 

var selectQueryString = "SELECT * FROM Product ORDER BY Name"; 

}

<html> 

<body> 

<h1>Small Bakery Products</h1> 

<table> 

<tr>

<th>Id</th> 

<th>Product</th> 

<th>Description</th> 

<th>Price</th> 

</tr>
@foreach(var row in db.Query(selectQueryString))

{

<tr> 

<td>@row.Id</td> 

<td>@row.Name</td> 

<td>@row.Description</td> 

<td align="right">@row.Price</td> 

</tr> 
}

</table> 

</body> 

    </html>
Run example 


Example Explained

The Database.Open(name) method will connect to a database in two steps:

First, it searches the application's App_Data folder for a database that matches the name parameter without the file-name extension.

If no file is found, it looks for a "connection string" in the application's Web.config file.

(A connection string contains information about how to connect to a database. It can include a file path, or the name of an SQL database, with full user name and password)


This two-step search makes it possible to test the application with a local database, and run the application on a web host using a connection string. 



ASP.NET Database Object Reference



Method
Description
Database.Execute(SQLstatement [,
parameters])
Executes  SQLstatement (with optional parameters) such as INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE and returns a count of affected records.
Database.GetLastInsertId()  Returns the identity column from the most recently inserted row.
Database.Open(filename) 

Database.Open(connectionStringName) 
Opens either the specified database file or the 
database specified using a named connection string 
from the Web.config file.
Database.OpenConnectionString(connectionString) 
Opens a database using the connection string. (This 
contrasts with Database.Open, which 
uses a connection string name.)
Database.Query(SQLstatement[, 
parameters]) Queries the database 
using SQLstatement (optionally passing 
parameters) and returns the results as a collection.

Database.QuerySingle(SQLstatement
[, parameters]) Executes 
SQLstatement (with optional parameters) and 
returns a single record.
Database.QueryValue(SQLstatement
[, parameters]) Executes 
SQLstatement (with optional parameters) and 
returns a single value.




 ASP.NET Web Pages - Helpers
programming tasks.


ASP.NET Helpers
ASP.NET helpers are components that can be accessed by single lines of 
Razor code.

You can build your own helpers using Razor syntax stored as .cshtml files, or 
use built-in ASP.NET helpers.

You will learn how to use Razor helpers in the next chapters of this 
tutorial.

Below is a short description of some useful Razor helpers:


The WebGrid Helper
The WebGrid helper simplifies the way to display data:


Automatically sets up an HTML table to display data
  Supports different options for formatting
  Supports paging (First, next, previous, last) through data
  Supports sorting by clicking on column headings


The Chart Helper
The "Chart Helper" can display chart images of different types with 
many formatting options and labels.





The Chart helper can display data from arrays , from databases, or from files.



The WebMail Helper
The WebMail helper provides functions for sending email messages using SMTP 
(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).


The WebImage Helper
The WebImage helper provides functionality to manage images in a web page.

Keywords: flip, rotate, resize, watermark.



Third Party Helpers
With Razor you can take advantage of built-in or third party helpers to 
simplify the use of email, databases, multimedia, and social networks as well as 
many other issues like navigation and web security.




Analytics (Google)

Helper
Description
Analytics.GetGoogleHtml(webPropertyId) 
Renders the Google Analytics JavaScript code for the 
specified ID.
Analytics.GetStatCounterHtml(project,
security) Renders the StatCounter 
Analytics JavaScript code for the specified project.
Analytics.GetYahooHtml(account) 
Renders the Yahoo Analytics JavaScript code for the 
specified account.


Bing

Helper
Description
Bing.SearchBox([boxWidth]) 
Passes a search to Bing. To specify the site to 
search and a title for the search box, you can set 
the Bing.SiteUrl and Bing.SiteTitle properties. Normally you set 
these properties in the _AppStart page. 

Bing.AdvancedSearchBox([, boxWidth] [, 
resultWidth] [, resultHeight] 

  [, themeColor] [, locale]) Displays 
Bing search results in the page with optional 
formatting. To specify the site to search and a 
title for the search box, you can set the Bing.SiteUrl and Bing.SiteTitle 
properties. Normally you set these properties in the
_AppStart page. 



Crypto

Helper
Description
Crypto.Hash(string [, algorithm])


Crypto.Hash(bytes [, algorithm]) 
Returns a hash for the specified data. The default 
algorithm is sha256.


Facebook

Helper
Description
Facebook.LikeButton(href [, 
buttonLayout] [, showFaces] [, width] [, height] 

[, action] [, font] [, colorScheme] [, refLabel]) 
Lets Facebook users make a connection to pages.


FileUpload

Helper
Description
FileUpload.GetHtml([initialNumberOfFiles] 
[, allowMoreFilesToBeAdded] 

  [, includeFormTag] [, addText] [,
uploadText]) Renders UI for 
uploading files.


GamerCard

Helper
Description
GamerCard.GetHtml(gamerTag) 
Renders the specified Xbox gamer tag.


Gravatar Object Reference

Helper
Description
Gravatar.GetHtml(email [, imageSize] 
[, defaultImage] [, rating] 

  [, imageExtension] [, attributes]) 
Renders the Gravatar image for the specified email 
address.


Json

Helper
Description
Json.Encode(object) 
Converts a data object to a string in the JavaScript 
Object Notation (JSON) format. 

Json.Decode(string) 
Converts a JSON-encoded input string to a data 
object that you can iterate over or insert into a 
database.


LinkShare

Helper
Description
LinkShare.GetHtml(pageTitle [, 
pageLinkBack] [, twitterUserName] 

  [, additionalTweetText] [, linkSites]) 
Renders social networking links using the specified 
title and optional URL.


ModelState

Helper
Description
ModelStateDictionary.AddError(key,
errorMessage) Associates an error 
message with a form field. Use the ModelState 
helper to access this member. 

ModelStateDictionary.AddFormError(errorMessage) 
Associates an error message with a form. Use the ModelState helper to access this 
member. 

ModelStateDictionary.IsValid 
Returns true if there are no validation errors. Use 
the ModelState helper to access this 
member. 



ObjectInfo

Helper
Description
ObjectInfo.Print(value [, depth] [, 
enumerationLength]) Renders the 
properties and values of an object and any child 
objects. 



Recaptcha

Helper
Description
Recaptcha.GetHtml([, publicKey] [, 
theme] [, language] [, tabIndex]) 
Renders the reCAPTCHA verification test.
ReCaptcha.PublicKey 

ReCaptcha.PrivateKey Sets public and 
private keys for the reCAPTCHA service. Normally you 
set these properties in the _AppStart page.
ReCaptcha.Validate([, privateKey]) 
Returns the result of the reCAPTCHA test.



ServerInfo

Helper
Description
ServerInfo.GetHtml() Renders 
status information about ASP.NET Web Pages.


Twitter

Helper
Description
Twitter.Profile(twitterUserName) 
Renders a Twitter stream for the specified user.
Twitter.Search(searchQuery) 
Renders a Twitter stream for the specified search 
text.


Video

Helper
Description
Video.Flash(filename [, width, height]) 
Renders a Flash video player for the specified file 
with optional width and height.
Video.MediaPlayer(filename [, width, 
height]) Renders a Windows Media 
player for the specified file with optional width 
and height.
Video.Silverlight(filename, 
width, height) Renders a 
Silverlight player for the specified .xap 
file with required width and height.


WebCache

Helper
Description
WebCache.Get(key) 
Returns the object specified by key, or 
null if the object is not found.
WebCache.Remove(key) 
Removes the object specified by key from 
the cache.
WebCache.Set(key, value [, 
minutesToCache] [, slidingExpiration]) 
Puts value into the cache under the name 
specified by key.


WebImage

Helper
Description
WebImage(path) Loads an 
image from the specified path.
WebImage.AddImagesWatermark(image) 
Adds the specified image as a watermark.
WebImage.AddTextWatermark(text) 
Adds the specified text to the image.
WebImage.FlipHorizontal() 

WebImage.FlipVertical() Flips the image 
horizontally or vertically.
WebImage.GetImageFromRequest() 
Loads an image when an image is posted to a page 
during a file upload.
WebImage.Resize(width, height) 
Resizes the image.
WebImage.RotateLeft() 

WebImage.RotateRight() Rotates the image to 
the left or the right.
WebImage.Save(path [, imageFormat]) 
Saves the image to the specified path.


 ASP.NET Web Pages - The WebGrid Helper

Doing the HTML Yourself
In a previous chapter, you displayed database data by using razor code,  
and doing the HTML markup yourself: 


Database Example
@{

var db = Database.Open("SmallBakery"); 

var selectQueryString = "SELECT * FROM Product ORDER BY Name"; 

}

<html> 

<body> 

<h1>Small Bakery Products</h1> 

<table> 

<tr>

<th>Id</th> 

<th>Product</th> 

<th>Description</th> 

<th>Price</th> 

</tr>
@foreach(var row in db.Query(selectQueryString))

{

<tr> 

<td>@row.Id</td> 

<td>@row.Name</td> 

<td>@row.Description</td> 

<td style="text-align:right">@row.Price</td> 

</tr> 
}

</table> 

</body> 

</html>
Run example 



Using The WebGrid Helper
Using the WebGrid helper is an easier way to display data.

The WebGrid helper:


Automatically sets up an HTML table to display data
  Supports different options for formatting
  Supports paging through data
  Supports Sorting by clicking on column headings

WebGrid Example
@{ 

var db = Database.Open("SmallBakery") ; 

var selectQueryString = "SELECT * FROM Product ORDER BY Name"; 

var data = db.Query(selectQueryString); 

var grid = new WebGrid(data); 

}

<html> 

<head> 

<title>Displaying Data Using the WebGrid Helper</title> 

</head> 

<body> 

<h1>Small Bakery Products</h1> 

<div id="grid"> 
@grid.GetHtml()

</div> 

</body> 

</html>
Run example 


WebGrid Object Reference

Helper
Description
WebGrid(data) Creates a 
new WebGrid object using data from a 
query.
WebGrid.GetHtml() Renders markup 
to display data in an HTML table.
WebGrid.Pager() Renders a pager 
for the WebGrid object.


 ASP.NET Web Pages - The Chart Helper

The Chart Helper
In the previous chapters, you learned how to use an ASP.NET "Helper".

You learned how to display data in a grid using the "WebGrid Helper". 

This chapter explains how to display data in graphical form, using the "Chart 
Helper".

The "Chart Helper" can create chart images of different types with many 
formatting options and labels. It can create standard charts like area charts, 
bar charts, column charts, line charts, and pie charts, along with more 
specialized charts like stock charts.





The data you display in a chart can be from an array, from a database, or from data in a file.



Chart From an Array

The example below shows the code needed to display a chart from an array of values:


Example
@{ 

var myChart = new Chart(width: 600, height: 400) 

  
.AddTitle("Employees") 

  
.AddSeries(chartType: "column",

      xValue: new[] {  "Peter", "Andrew", "Julie", "Mary", "Dave" }, 

      yValues: new[] { "2", "6", "4", "5", "3" }) 

  
.Write();

}

Run example 

- new Chart creates a new chart object and sets its width and height

- the AddTitle method 
specifies the chart title

- the AddSeries method adds data to the chart

- the chartType parameter defines the type of chart

- the xValue parameter defines x-axis names

- the yValues parameter defines the y-axis values

- the Write() method displays the chart 




Chart From Database Data
You can run a database query and then use data from the results to create a 
chart:


Example
@{ 

var db = Database.Open("SmallBakery"); 

var dbdata = db.Query("SELECT Name, Price FROM Product"); 

var myChart = new Chart(width: 600, height: 400) 

   .AddTitle("Product Sales") 

   .DataBindTable(dataSource: dbdata, xField: "Name")

   .Write();

}

Run example 

- var db = Database.Open opens the database (and assigns the database 
object to the variable db)

- var dbdata = db.Query runs a database query and stores the result in 
dbdata

- new Chart creates a chart new object and sets its width and height

- the AddTitle method 
specifies the chart title

- the DataBindTable method binds the data source to the chart

- the Write() method displays the chart 


An alternative to using the DataBindTable method is to use AddSeries (See 
previous example). DataBindTable is easier to use, but AddSeries is more flexible because you 
can specify the chart and data more explicitly:


Example
@{ 

var db = Database.Open("SmallBakery"); 

var dbdata = db.Query("SELECT Name, Price FROM Product"); 

var myChart = new Chart(width: 600, height: 400) 

   .AddTitle("Product Sales") 

   .AddSeries(chartType:"Pie",

      xValue: dbdata, xField: "Name",

      yValues: dbdata, yFields: "Price")

   .Write();

}

Run example 


Chart From XML Data

The third option for charting is to use an XML file as the data for the 
chart:



Example

@using System.Data;


@{

var dataSet = new DataSet();

dataSet.ReadXmlSchema(Server.MapPath("data.xsd"));

dataSet.ReadXml(Server.MapPath("data.xml"));

var dataView = new DataView(dataSet.Tables[0]);

var myChart = new Chart(width: 600, height: 400)

  
.AddTitle("Sales Per Employee")

  
.AddSeries("Default", chartType: "Pie",

     
xValue: dataView, xField: "Name",

     
yValues: dataView, yFields: "Sales")

  
.Write();}

}

Run example 


Chart Object Reference

Helper
Description
Chart(width, height [, 
template] [, templatePath]) 
Initializes a chart.
Chart.AddLegend([title] [, name]) 
Adds a legend to a chart.
Chart.AddSeries([name] [, chartType] 
[, chartArea] 

  [, axisLabel] [, legend] [, markerStep] [, xValue]


  [, xField] [, yValues] [, yFields] [, options])

Adds a series of values to the chart.


 ASP.NET Web Pages - The WebMail Helper

With the WebMail object you can easily send emails from a web page.


The WebMail Helper
The WebMail Helper makes it easy to send an email from a web application 
using SMTP (Simple Mail transfer Protocol).




Scenario: Email Support

To demonstrate the use of email, we will create an input page for support, let 
the user submit the page to another page, and send an email about the support 
problem.



First: Edit Your AppStart Page 

If you have built the Demo application in this tutorial, you already have a page 
called _AppStart.cshtml with the following content:


_AppStart.cshtml
@{
WebSecurity.InitializeDatabaseConnection("Users", "UserProfile", "UserId", 
"Email", true);
}




To initiate the WebMail helper, add the the following 
WebMail properties to your AppStart page:


_AppStart.cshtml
@{
WebSecurity.InitializeDatabaseConnection("Users", "UserProfile", "UserId", 
"Email", true);
WebMail.SmtpServer = "smtp.example.com";
WebMail.SmtpPort = 25;

WebMail.EnableSsl = false;
WebMail.UserName = "support@example.com";

WebMail.Password = "password-goes-here";
WebMail.From = "john@example.com";
}



Properties explained:

SmtpServer: The name the SMTP server that will be used to 
send the emails.

SmtpPort: The port the server will use to send SMTP 
transactions (emails).

EnableSsl: True, if the server should use SSL (Secure Socket 
Layer) encryption.

UserName: The name of the SMTP email account used to send 
the email.

Password: The password of the SMTP email account.

From: The email to appear in the from address (often the 
same as UserName).




Second: Create an Email Input Page

Then create an input page, and name it Email_Input:

Email_Input.cshtml
<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html> 
<body> 
<h1>Request for 
Assistance</h1> 

<form method="post" action="EmailSend.cshtml"> 

<label>Username:</label>
<input type="text" name="customerEmail" />

<label>Details about the problem:</label> 
<textarea name="customerRequest" 
cols="45" rows="4"></textarea> 
<p><input type="submit" value="Submit" 
/></p> 
</form> 

</body> 
</html>



The purpose of the input page is to collect information, then 
submit the data to a new page that can send the information as an email.



Third: Create An Email Send Page

Then create the page that will be used to send the email, and name it Email_Send:


Email_Send.cshtml
@{ // Read input

var customerEmail = Request["customerEmail"];

var customerRequest = Request["customerRequest"];

try

{

// Send email 

WebMail.Send(to:"someone@example.com", subject: "Help request from - " + customerEmail, body: 
customerRequest ); 

}

catch (Exception ex )

{

<text>@ex</text>


}
}





WebMail Object Reference - Properties


Properties
Description
SmtpServer The name the SMTP server that will send the emails
SmtpPort The port the server will use to send SMTP emails
EnableSsl True, if the server should use SSL encryption
UserName The name of the SMTP account used to send the email
Password The password of the SMTP account
From The email to appear in the from address


WebMail Object Reference - Methods

Method
Description
Send() Sends an email message to an SMTP server for delivery

The Send() method has the following parameters:


Parameter
    Type Description
to String The Email recipients (separated by semicolon)
subject String The subject line
body String The body of the message

And the following optional parameters:


Parameter
    Type Description
from String The email of the sender 
cc String The cc emails (separated by semicolon)
filesToAttach Collection Filenames
isBodyHtml Boolean True if the email body is in HTML
additionalHeaders Collection Additional headers


Technical Data

Name
Value
Class System.Web.Helpers.WebMail
Namespace System.Web.Helpers
Assembly System.Web.Helpers.dll


Initializing the WebMail Helper
To use the WebMail helper, you need access to an SMTP server. SMTP is the 
"output" part of email. If you use a web host, you probably already know the 
name of the SMTP server. If you work in a corporate network, your IT department 
can give you the name. If you are working at home, you 
might be able to use your ordinary email provider.

 In order to send an email you will need:


The name of the SMTP server 
  The port number (most often 25) 
  An email user name
  An email password

In the root of your web, create a page (or edit the page ) named _AppStart.cshtml. 

Put the following code inside the file:


_AppStart.cshtml
    @{
WebMail.SmtpServer = "smtp.example.com";
WebMail.SmtpPort = 25;

WebMail.EnableSsl = false;
WebMail.UserName = "support@example.com";

WebMail.Password = "password";
WebMail.From = "john@example.com"
}


The code above will run each time the web site (application) starts. It 
feeds your WebMail Object with initial values.

Please substitute:

smtp.example.com with the name the SMTP server that will be used to 
send the emails.

25 with the port number the server will use to send SMTP 
transactions (emails).

false with true, if the server should use SSL (Secure Socket 
Layer) encryption.

support@example.com with the name of the SMTP email account used to send 
emails.

password with the password of the SMTP email account.

john@example with the email to appear in the from address.



  You don't have to initiate the WebMail object in your AppStart 
file, but you must set these properties before you call the WebMail.Send() 
method.



 ASP.NET Web Pages - WebSecurity Object
The WebSecurity Object provides security and authentication for 
ASP.NET Web Pages applications.

With the WebSecurity object you can create user accounts, login and logout users, 
reset or change passwords, and more.


WebSecurity Object Reference - Properties


Properties
Description
CurrentUserId 
    Gets the ID for the current user
CurrentUserName Gets the name of the current user
HasUserId 
Returns true if the current has a user ID
IsAuthenticated 
Returns true if the current user is logged in


WebSecurity Object Reference - Methods

Method
Description
ChangePassword() Changes the password for a user
ConfirmAccount() Confirms an account using a confirmation token
CreateAccount() Creates a new user account
CreateUserAndAccount() Creates a new user account
GeneratePasswordResetToken() Generates a token that can be sent to as user by email
GetCreateDate() Gets the time the specified membership was created
GetPasswordChangeDate() Gets the date and time when password was changed
GetUserId() Gets a user ID from a user name
InitializeDatabaseConnection() Initializes the WebSecurity system (database)
IsConfirmed() Checks if a user is confirmed
IsCurrentUser() Checks if the current user matches a user name
Login() Logs the user in by setting a token in the cookie
Logout() Logs the user out by removing the token cookie
RequireAuthenticatedUser() Exits the page if the user is not an authenticated user
RequireRoles() Exits the page if the user is not a part of the specified roles
RequireUser() Exits the page if the user is not the specified user
ResetPassword() Changes a user's password using a token
UserExists() Checks if a given user exists



Initializing the WebSecurity Database
You must create or initialize an WebSecurity database before you can use the WebSecurity 
object in your code.

In the root of your web, create a page (or edit the page ) named _AppStart.cshtml. 

Put the following code inside the file:


_AppStart.cshtml
@{
WebSecurity.InitializeDatabaseConnection("Users", "UserProfile", 
"UserId", "Email", true);
}


The code above will run each time the web site (application) starts. It 
initializes the WebSecurity database.

"Users" is the name of the WebSecurity database (Users.sdf).

"UserProfile" is the name of the database table that 
contains the user profile information.

"UserId" is the name of the column that 
contains the user IDs (primary key). 

"Email" is the name of the column that contains 
user names.

The last parameter true is a boolean value indicating that 
the user profile and 
membership tables should be created automatically if they don't exist, otherwise
false.



  Although true indicates automatic creation of the database tables, the 
database itself 
will not be created automatically. It must exist.




The WebSecurity Database
The UserProfile table contains one record for each user, 
with a user ID (primary key) and the user's name (email):


UserId Email
1 john@johnson.net
2 peter@peterson.com
3 lars@larson.eut

The Membership table will contain membership information 
about when the user was created and if (and when) the membership was confirmed.

Much like this (some columns are not shown):


User
Id Create
Date Confirmation
Token Is
Confirmed Last
Password
Failure Password Password
Change
1 12.04.2012 16:12:17 NULL True NULL AFNQhWfy.... 12.04.2012 16:12:17


Simple Membership Configuration
You might get errors using the WebSecurity object, if your site is not configured to use the ASP.NET 
Web Pages membership system SimpleMembership.

This can occur if a 
hosting provider's server is configured differently than your local server. To 
fix this, add the following element to the site's Web.config file:



<appSettings> 
<add key="enableSimpleMembership" value="true" /> 

</appSettings>




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 ASP.NET Web Pages - Publishing the Website
1.
Use the Latest Version of ASP.NET
Before you continue, make sure your hosting computer runs the latest version 
of ASP.NET (4.0 or 4.5).



2.
Copy the Web Folders
Copy your website (all folders and content) from your development computer to 
an application folder on your remote hosting computer (server).


  If your application contains data, don't copy the data 
(see point 4 below).





3.
    The DLL Files
Make sure the bin folder, on your remote hosting computer, contains the same dll files as on your development computer.

After copying the bin folder, it should contain files like this:

Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.dll

    NuGet.Core.dll

    System.Web.Helpers.dll

    System.Web.Razor.dll

    System.Web.WebPages.Administration.dll

    System.Web.WebPages.Deployment.dll

    System.Web.WebPages.dll

    System.Web.WebPages.Razor.dll

    WebMatrix.Data.dll

    WebMatrix.WebData


4. Copy Your Data
If your application contains data or a database. For instance an SQL Server Compact database (a .sdf file in App_Data 
folder), consider the following:

Do you want to publish your test data to the 
remote server?

Most likely not.

    If you have test data on your development computer, it may overwrite production data on your remote hosting computer.

If you have to copy an SQL database (.sdf file), perhaps you should delete 
everything in the database, and then copy the empty .sdf file from your development 
computer to the server. 

THAT'S IT. GOOD LUCK !


 ASP.NET Web Pages - Examples in C# and VB


Examples in C#
Examples in VB


Basic Web Pages

Display Date and Time
Reusable Header and Footer
Basic HTML Form


Examples Explained




Basic Web Pages
Display Date and Time
Reusable Header and Footer
Basic HTML Form


Examples Explained





Basic C#

For Loop
For Each Loop
While Loop
Array

If Condition
If Else Condition
Else If Condition
Switch Condition


Examples Explained




Basic VB

For Loop
For Each Loop
While Loop
Array

If Condition
If Else Condition
Else If Condition
Select Condition


Examples Explained




Working with Databases

Display Database Data
Display Data with WebGrid


Examples Explained




Working with Databases

Display Database Data
Display Data with WebGrid


Examples Explained





Using the Chart Helper

Display a Bar Chart from an Array
Display a Bar Chart from a Database
Display a Pie Chart from a Database
Display a Pie Chart from an XML File


Examples Explained




Using the Chart Helper

Display a Bar Chart from an Array
Display a Bar Chart from a Database
Display a Pie Chart from a Database
Display a Pie Chart from an XML File


Examples Explained





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 ASP.NET Web Pages - Classes
ASP.NET Classes Reference


Method
Description
AsBool(), AsBool(true|false) 
Converts a string value to a Boolean value 
(true/false). Returns false or the specified value 
if the string does not represent true/false.

AsDateTime(), AsDateTime(value) 
Converts a string value to date/time. Returns DateTime. MinValue or the specified value if 
the string does not represent a date/time.
AsDecimal(), AsDecimal(value) 
Converts a string value to a decimal value. Returns 
0.0 or the specified value if the string does not 
represent a decimal value.
AsFloat(), AsFloat(value) 
Converts a string value to a float. Returns 0.0 or 
the specified value if the string does not represent 
a decimal value.
AsInt(), AsInt(value) 
Converts a string value to an integer. Returns 0 or 
the specified value if the string does not represent 
an integer.
Href(path [, param1 [, 
param2]]) Creates a browser-compatible 
URL from a local file path, with optional additional 
path parts.
Html.Raw(value) Renders
value as HTML markup instead of rendering 
it as HTML-encoded output.
IsBool(), IsDateTime(), IsDecimal(), 
IsFloat(), IsInt() Returns true if the 
value can be converted from a string to the 
specified type.
IsEmpty() Returns true if the 
object or variable has no value.
IsPost Returns true if the 
request is a POST. (Initial requests are usually a 
GET.)
Layout Specifies the path of a 
layout page to apply to this page.
PageData[key], PageData[index], 
Page Contains data shared between the page, 
layout pages, and partial pages in the current 
request. You can use the dynamic Page 
property to access the same data, as in the 
following example:
RenderBody() (Layout pages) 
Renders the content of a content page that is not in 
any named sections.
RenderPage(path, values)


RenderPage(path[, param1 [, param2]]) 
Renders a content page using the specified path and 
optional extra data. You can get the values of the 
extra parameters from PageData by 
position (example 1) or key (example 2).
RenderSection(sectionName [, required 
= true|false]) (Layout pages) 
Renders a content section that has a name. Set 
required to false to make a section optional.
Request.Cookies[key] 
Gets or sets the value of an HTTP cookie.
Request.Files[key] Gets 
the files that were uploaded in the current request.
Request.Form[key] Gets 
data that was posted in a form (as strings). 
Request[key] checks both the Request.Form and the Request.QueryString collections.
Request.QueryString[key] 
Gets data that was specified in the URL query 
string. Request[key] checks 
both the Request.Form and the Request.QueryString collections. 

Request.Unvalidated(key) 

Request.Unvalidated().QueryString|Form|Cookies|Headers[key] 
Selectively disables request validation for a 
form element, query-string value, cookie, or header 
value. Request validation is enabled by default and 
prevents users from posting markup or other 
potentially dangerous content.
Response.AddHeader(name, 
value) Adds an HTTP server header to 
the response. 

Response.OutputCache(seconds 
[, sliding] [, varyByParams]) Caches 
the page output for a specified time. Optionally set
sliding to reset the timeout on each page 
access and varyByParams to cache different 
versions of the page for each different query string 
in the page request.
Response.Redirect(path) 
Redirects the browser request to a new location.
Response.SetStatus(httpStatusCode) 
Sets the HTTP status code sent to the browser.
Response.WriteBinary(data [, 
mimetype]) Writes the contents of 
data to the response with an optional MIME 
type.
Response.WriteFile(file) 
Writes the contents of a file to the response.
@section(sectionName) { 
content } (Layout pages) Defines a 
content section that has a name.
Server.HtmlDecode(htmlText) 
Decodes a string that is HTML encoded.
Server.HtmlEncode(text) 
Encodes a string for rendering in HTML markup.
Server.MapPath(virtualPath) 
Returns the server physical path for the specified 
virtual path.
Server.UrlDecode(urlText) 
Decodes text from a URL.
Server.UrlEncode(text) 
Encodes text to put in a URL.
Session[key] Gets or 
sets a value that exists until the user closes the 
browser.
ToString() Displays a string 
representation of the object's value.
UrlData[index] Gets 
additional data from the URL (for example, 
/MyPage/ExtraData).




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 ASP.NET Razor - Markup


What is Razor?
Razor is a markup syntax that 
lets you embed server-based code (Visual Basic and C#) into web pages.

Server-based code can create dynamic web content on the fly, while a web page 
is written to the browser. When a web page is called, the server executes the 
server-based code inside the page before it returns the page to the browser. By 
running on the server, the code can perform complex tasks, like accessing 
databases. 

Razor is based 
on ASP.NET, and designed 
for creating web applications. It has the power of traditional ASP.NET markup, 
but it is easier to use, and easier to learn.




Razor Syntax
Razor uses a syntax very similar to PHP and Classic ASP.


Razor:


    <ul>
@for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
<li>@i</li>
}
</ul>
PHP:


    <ul>
<?php 
for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
echo("<li>$i</li>");
}
    
?>
</ul>
Classic ASP:


<ul>
<%for i = 0 to 10%>
<li><%=i%></li>
<%next%>

</ul> 

Razor Helpers
ASP.NET helpers are components that can be accessed by single lines of 
Razor code.

You can build your own helpers using Razor syntax, or 
use built-in ASP.NET helpers.

Below is a short description of some useful Razor helpers:


Web Grid
  Web Graphics
  Google Analytics
  Facebook Integration
  Twitter 
Integration
  Sending Email
  Validation


Razor Programming Languages
Razor supports both C# (C sharp) and VB (Visual Basic).


 ASP.NET Razor - C# and VB Code Syntax


Main Razor Syntax Rules for C#

Razor code blocks are enclosed in @{ ... }
  Inline expressions (variables and functions) start with @
  Code statements end with semicolon
  Variables are declared with the var keyword
  Strings are enclosed with quotation marks
  C# code is case sensitive
  C# files have the extension .cshtml

C# Example
<!-- Single statement block -->
@{ var myMessage =    "Hello World"; }


<!-- Inline expression or variable -->

<p>The value of myMessage is: @myMessage</p> 


<!--    Multi-statement block -->
@{

var greeting = "Welcome to our site!";

var weekDay = DateTime.Now.DayOfWeek;

var greetingMessage = greeting + " Here in Huston it is: " + weekDay;

}
<p>The greeting is: @greetingMessage</p>

    Run example 


Main Razor Syntax Rules for VB

Razor code blocks are enclosed in @Code ... End Code
  Inline expressions (variables and functions) start with @
  Variables are declared with the Dim keyword
  Strings are enclosed with quotation marks
  VB code is not case sensitive
  VB files have the extension .vbhtml

Example
<!-- Single statement block  --> 
@Code dim myMessage = "Hello World" End Code

 

<!-- Inline expression or variable --> 

<p>The value of myMessage is: @myMessage</p> 

 

<!-- Multi-statement block --> 
@Code

dim greeting = "Welcome to our site!" 

dim weekDay = DateTime.Now.DayOfWeek 

dim greetingMessage = greeting & " Here in Huston it is: " & weekDay

End Code



<p>The greeting is: @greetingMessage</p>
Run example 



How Does it Work?
Razor is a simple programming syntax for embedding server code in web pages. 

Razor syntax is based on the ASP.NET framework, the part of the Microsoft.NET Framework that's specifically designed for creating web 
applications.  

The Razor syntax gives you all the power of ASP.NET, but is using a simplified 
syntax that's easier to learn if you're a beginner, and makes you more 
productive if you're an expert. 

Razor web pages can be described as HTML pages with two kinds of content: 
HTML content and Razor code. 

When the server reads the page, it runs the Razor code first, before it sends 
the HTML page to the browser. The code that is executed on the server can 
perform tasks that cannot be done in the browser, for example accessing a server 
database. Server code can create dynamic HTML content on the fly, before it is 
sent to the browser. Seen from the browser, the HTML generated by server code is 
no different than static HTML content.

ASP.NET web pages with Razor syntax have the special file extension cshtml 
(Razor using C#) or vbhtml (Razor using VB). 


Working With Objects
Server coding often involves objects.

The "DateTime" object is a typical 
built-in ASP.NET object, but objects can also be self-defined, a web page, a text box, a file, 
a database record, etc.

Objects may have methods they can perform. A 
database record might have a "Save" method, an image object might have a 
"Rotate" method, an email object might have a "Send" method, 
and so on.

Objects 
also have properties that describe their characteristics. A database record 
might have a FirstName and a LastName property (among others). 

The ASP.NET 
DateTime object has a Now property (written as DateTime.Now), and the Now property has a 
Day property (written as DateTime.Now.Day). The example below shows how to 
access some properties of the DateTime object:



Example
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th 
width="100px">Name</th>
<td width="100px">Value</td>

</tr>
<tr>
<td>Day</td><td>@DateTime.Now.Day</td>

</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hour</td><td>@DateTime.Now.Hour</td>

</tr>
<tr>
<td>Minute</td><td>@DateTime.Now.Minute</td>

</tr>
<tr>
<td>Second</td><td>@DateTime.Now.Second</td>

</tr>
</td>
</table>
    Run example 


If and Else Conditions
An important feature of dynamic web pages is that you can determine what to 
do based on conditions.

The common way to do this is with the if ... else statements:


Example
@{
var txt = "";
if(DateTime.Now.Hour > 12)
  
{txt = "Good Evening";}
else
  {txt = "Good Morning";}
}

<html>
<body>
<p>The message is @txt</p>

</body>
</html>


    Run example 



Reading User Input
Another important feature of dynamic web pages is that you can read user 
input.

Input is read by the Request[] function, and posting (input) is tested by the 
IsPost condition:


Example
@{
var totalMessage = "";
if(IsPost)

   
{
    var num1 = Request["text1"];

   
var num2 = Request["text2"];
    var total = num1.AsInt() + num2.AsInt();
    totalMessage = 
"Total = " + total;
    }
}
<html>
<body 
style="background-color: beige; font-family: Verdana, Arial;">
<form 
action="" method="post">
<p><label for="text1">First Number:</label><br>

<input type="text" name="text1" /></p>
<p><label for="text2">Second 
Number:</label><br>
<input type="text" name="text2" /></p>
<p><input 
type="submit" value=" Add " /></p>
</form>
<p>@totalMessage</p>

</body>
</html>
Run example 


 ASP.NET Razor - C# Variables


Variables
Variables are used to store data.

The name of a variable must begin with an alphabetic character and 
cannot contain whitespace or reserved characters. 

A variable can be of a 
specific type, indicating the kind of data it stores. String variables store 
string values ("Welcome to W3Schools"), integer variables store number values 
(103), date variables store date values, etc.

Variables are declared 
using the var keyword, or by using the type (if you want to declare the type), 
but ASP.NET can usually determine data types automatically.


Examples
    // 
    Using the var keyword:
var greeting = "Welcome to W3Schools";
var 
    counter = 103;
var today = DateTime.Today;

// Using data types:

    string greeting = "Welcome to W3Schools";
int counter = 103;
DateTime 
    today = DateTime.Today;



Data Types

Below is a list of  common data types:



Type
Description
Examples
int Integer (whole numbers) 103, 12, 5168
float Floating-point number 3.14, 3.4e38
decimal Decimal number (higher precision) 1037.196543
bool Boolean true, false
string String "Hello W3Schools", "John"



Operators
An operator tells ASP.NET what kind of command to perform in an expression.

 The C# language supports many operators. Below is a list of common operators:



Operator
Description
Example
= Assigns a value to a variable. i=6
+
-
*
/

Adds a value or variable.
Subtracts a value or variable.
Multiplies a 
value or variable.
Divides a value or variable. i=5+5
i=5-5
i=5*5
i=5/5
+=
-= Increments a variable.
Decrements a variable. i += 1
i -= 1
== Equality. Returns true if values are equal. if (i==10)
!= Inequality. Returns true if values are not equal. if (i!=10) 
<
>
<=
>= Less than.
Greater than.
Less than or equal.
Greater than or equal. if (i<10)
if (i>10)
if (i<=10)
if (i>=10)
+ Adding strings (concatenation). "w3" + "schools"
. Dot. Separate objects and methods. DateTime.Hour
() Parenthesis. Groups values. (i+5)
() Parenthesis. Passes parameters. x=Add(i,5)
[] Brackets. Accesses values in arrays or collections. name[3]
! Not. Reverses true or false. if (!ready)
&&
|| Logical AND.
Logical OR. if (ready && clear)
if (ready || clear)


Converting Data Types

Converting from one data type to another is sometimes useful.

The most 
common example is to convert string input to another type, such as an integer or 
a date.

As a rule, user input comes as strings, even if the user entered a number. 
Therefore, numeric input values must be converted to numbers before they can be 
used in calculations.

Below is a list of common conversion methods:



Method
Description
Example
AsInt()
IsInt() Converts a string to an integer. if (myString.IsInt())
  {myInt=myString.AsInt();}
AsFloat()
IsFloat() Converts a string to a floating-point number. if (myString.IsFloat())
  {myFloat=myString.AsFloat();}
AsDecimal()
IsDecimal() Converts a string to a decimal number. if (myString.IsDecimal())
  {myDec=myString.AsDecimal();}
AsDateTime()
IsDateTime() Converts a string to an ASP.NET DateTime type. myString="10/10/2012";
myDate=myString.AsDateTime();
AsBool()
IsBool() Converts a string to a Boolean. myString="True";
myBool=myString.AsBool();
ToString() Converts any data type to a string. myInt=1234;
myString=myInt.ToString();


 ASP.NET Razor - C# Loops and Arrays


For Loops
If you need to run the same statements repeatedly, you can program a loop.

If you know how many times you want to loop, you can use a for loop. This 
kind of loop is especially useful for counting up or counting down:


Example
<html>
<body>
@for(var i = 10; i < 21; i++)
    {<p>Line @i</p>}
</body>
</html>

Run example 


For Each Loops

If you work with a collection or an array, you often use a for each loop.

A collection is a group of similar objects, and the for each loop lets 
you carry out a task on each item. The for each loop walks through a 
collection until it is finished.

The example below walks through the ASP.NET Request.ServerVariables 
collection.


Example
<html>
<body>
<ul>
@foreach (var x in 
Request.ServerVariables)
    {<li>@x</li>}
</ul>

</body>
</html>
Run example 



While Loops

The while loop is a general purpose loop. 

A while loop begins with the while keyword, followed by parentheses, where you 
specify how long the loop continues, then a block to repeat.

While loops typically add to, or subtract from, a 
variable used for counting.

In the example below, the += operator adds 1 to the variable i, each time the 
loop runs.


Example
<html>
<body>
@{
var i = 0;
while (i < 5)
    
{
    i += 1;
    <p>Line @i</p>
    
}
}
</body>
</html>
Run example 


Arrays

An array is useful when you want to store similar variables but don't want to 
create a separate variable for each of them:


Example
    @{
string[] members = {"Jani", "Hege", "Kai", 
    "Jim"};
int i = Array.IndexOf(members, "Kai")+1;
int len = 
    members.Length;
string x = members[2-1];
}
<html>
<body>
<h3>Members</h3>
@foreach (var person in 
    members)
{
<p>@person</p>
}
<p>The number of names 
    in Members are @len</p>
<p>The person at 
    position 2 is @x</p>
<p>Kai is now in 
    position @i</p>
</body>
</html>
Run example 


 ASP.NET Razor - C# Logic Conditions


The If Condition
C# lets you execute code based on conditions.

To test a condition you use an if statement. The if 
statement returns true or false, based on your test:


The if statement starts a code block
  The condition is written inside parenthesis
  The code inside the braces is executed if the test is true

Example
    @{var 
    price=50;}
<html>
<body>
@if (price>30)
    {
    <p>The price is too high.</p>
    
    }
</body>
</html>

Run example 


The Else Condition

An if statement can include an else condition.

The else condition defines the code to be executed if the condition is false.


Example
    @{var 
    price=20;}
<html>
<body>
@if (price>30)
  {

      <p>The price is too high.</p>

      }
else
  {
  <p>The price is OK.</p>
  } 
</body>
</html>
Run example 

Note: In the example above, if the first condition is true, it will be executed. 
The else condition covers "everything else".



The Else If Condition

Multiple conditions can be tested with an else if condition: 


Example
    @{var 
    price=25;}
<html>
<body>
@if (price>=30)

  {
  <p>The price is 
    high.</p>

      
    }
else if (price>20 && price<30) 

      {
  <p>The price is OK.</p>
  }

    else

      {
  <p>The price is low.</p>
  }    
</body>
</html>
Run example 

In the example above, if the first condition is true, it will be executed.

If not, then if the next condition is true, this condition will be executed.

You can have any number of else if conditions.

If none of the if and else if conditions are true, the last else block 
(without a condition) covers "everything else".


Switch Conditions

A switch block can be used to test a number of individual conditions:


Example
    
    
    @{
var weekday=DateTime.Now.DayOfWeek;
var day=weekday.ToString();
var message="";
}
<html>
<body>

    @switch(day)
{
case "Monday":
    
    message="This is the first weekday.";
    break;
case 
    "Thursday":
    message="Only one day before weekend.";
    
    break;
case "Friday":
    message="Tomorrow is 
    weekend!";
    break;
default:
    
    message="Today is " + day;
    break;
}
<p>@message</p>
</body>
</html>
Run example 


The test value (day) is in parentheses. Each individual test condition has a case 
value that ends with a colon, and any number of code lines ending with a break 
statement. If the test value matches the case value, the code lines are 
executed. 



A switch block can have a default case (default:) for  
"everything else" that runs if none of the cases are true.



 ASP.NET Razor - VB Variables


Variables
Variables are used to store data.

The name of a variable must begin with an alphabetic character and 
cannot contain whitespace or reserved characters. 

A variable can be of a 
specific type, indicating the kind of data it stores. String variables store 
string values ("Welcome to W3Schools"), integer variables store number values 
(103), date variables store date values, etc.

Variables are declared 
using the Dim keyword, or by using the type (if you want to declare the type), 
but ASP.NET can usually determine data types automatically.


Examples
    // 
    Using the Dim keyword:
Dim greeting = "Welcome to W3Schools"

    Dim counter = 103
Dim today = DateTime.Today

// Using data types:

    Dim greeting As String = "Welcome to W3Schools"
Dim counter As Integer = 
    103
Dim today As DateTime = DateTime.Today



Data Types

Below is a list of  common data types:



Type
Description
Examples
integer Integer (whole numbers) 103, 12, 5168
double 64 bit floating-point number 3.14, 3.4e38
decimal Decimal number (higher precision) 1037.196543
boolean Boolean true, false
string String "Hello W3Schools", "John"



Operators
An operator tells ASP.NET what kind of command to perform in an expression.

 The VB language supports many operators. Below is a list of common operators:



Operator
Description
Example
= Assigns a value to a variable. i=6
+
-
*
/

Adds a value or variable.
Subtracts a value or variable.
Multiplies a 
value or variable.
Divides a value or variable. i=5+5
i=5-5
i=5*5
i=5/5
+=
-= Increments a variable.
Decrements a variable. i += 1
i -= 1
= Equality. Returns true if values are equal. if i=10
<> Inequality. Returns true if values are not equal. if <>10 
<
>
<=
>= Less than.
Greater than.
Less than or equal.
Greater than or equal. if i<10
if i>10
if i<=10
if i>=10
& Adding strings (concatenation). "w3" & "schools"
. Dot. Separate objects and methods. DateTime.Hour
() Parenthesis. Groups values. (i+5)
() Parenthesis. Passes parameters. x=Add(i,5)
() Parenthesis. Accesses values in arrays or collections. name(3)
Not Not. Reverses true or false. if Not ready
And
OR Logical AND.
Logical OR. if ready And clear
if ready Or clear
AndAlso
orElse Extended Logical AND.
Extended Logical OR. if ready AndAlso clear
if ready OrElse clear


Converting Data Types

Converting from one data type to another is sometimes useful.

The most 
common example is to convert string input to another type, such as an integer or 
a date.

As a rule, user input comes as strings, even if the user entered a number. 
Therefore, numeric input values must be converted to numbers before they can be 
used in calculations.

Below is a list of common conversion methods:



Method
Decryptions
Example
AsInt()
IsInt() Converts a string to an integer. if myString.IsInt() then
   myInt=myString.AsInt()
end if
AsFloat()
IsFloat() Converts a string to a floating-point number. if myString.IsFloat() then
   myFloat=myString.AsFloat()
end 
if
AsDecimal()
IsDecimal() Converts a string to a decimal number. if myString.IsDecimal() then
   myDec=myString.AsDecimal()

end if
AsDateTime()
IsDateTime() Converts a string to an ASP.NET DateTime type. myString="10/10/2012"
myDate=myString.AsDateTime()
AsBool()
IsBool() Converts a string to a Boolean. myString="True"
myBool=myString.AsBool()
ToString() Converts any data type to a string. myInt=1234
myString=myInt.ToString()


 ASP.NET Razor - VB Loops and Arrays


For Loops
If you need to run the same statements repeatedly, you can program a loop.

If you know how many times you want to loop, you can use a for loop. This 
kind of loop is especially useful for counting up or counting down:


Example
<html>
<body>
@For i=10 To 21
    
    @<p>Line #@i</p>
Next i
</body>
</html>

Run example 


For Each Loops

If you work with a collection or an array, you often use a for each loop.

A collection is a group of similar objects, and the for each loop lets 
you carry out a task on each item. The for each loop walks through a 
collection until it is finished.

The example below walks through the ASP.NET Request.ServerVariables 
collection.


Example
<html>
<body>
<ul>
@For Each x 
    In Request.ServerVariables
    @<li>@x</li>
Next x
</ul>

</body>
</html>
Run example 



While Loops

The while loop is a general purpose loop. 

A while loop begins with the while keyword, followed by parentheses, where you 
specify how long the loop continues, then a block to repeat.

While loops typically add to, or subtract from, a 
variable used for counting.

In the example below, the += operator adds 1 to the variable i, each time the 
loop runs.


Example
<html>
<body>
@Code
Dim i=0
Do While 
    i<5
    i += 1
    @<p>Line #@i</p>
Loop

    End Code
</body>
</html>
Run example 


Arrays

An array is useful when you want to store similar variables but don't want to 
create a separate variable for each of them:


Example
    @Code
Dim members As String()={"Jani","Hege","Kai","Jim"}
i=Array.IndexOf(members,"Kai")+1
len=members.Length
x=members(2-1)

    end Code
<html>
<body>
<h3>Members</h3>
@For Each person In members
   @<p>@person</p>

    Next person
<p>The number of names 
    in Members are @len</p>
<p>The person at 
    position 2 is @x</p>
<p>Kai is now in 
    position @i</p>
</body>
</html>
Run example 


 ASP.NET Razor - VB Logic Conditions


The If Condition
VB lets you execute code based on conditions.

To test a condition you use the if statement. The if 
statement returns true or false, based on your test:


The if statement starts a code block
  The condition is written between if and then
  The code between if ... then and end if is executed if the test is true

Example
    @Code
Dim 
    price=50
End Code
<html>
<body>
@If price>30 
    Then
    @<p>The price is too high.</p>
End 
    If
</body>
</html>

Run example 


The Else Condition

An if statement can include an else condition.

The else condition defines the code to be executed if the condition is false.


Example
    @Code
Dim 
    price=20
End Code
<html>
<body>
@if price>30 then
    @<p>The price is too high.</p>

    Else
    @<p>The price is OK.</p>
End If 
</body>
</html>
Run example 

Note: In the example above, if the first condition is true, it will be executed. 
The else condition covers "everything else".



The ElseIf Condition

Multiple conditions can be tested with an else if condition: 


Example
    @Code
Dim 
    price=25
End Code
<html>
<body>
@If price>=30 Then
    @<p>The price is 
    high.</p>
ElseIf price>20 And price<30 then 

        @<p>The price is OK.</p>
Else
    
    @<p>The price is low.</p>
End If    
</body>
</html>
Run example 

In the example above, if the first condition is true, it will be executed.

If not, then if the next condition is true, this condition will be executed.

You can have any number of else if conditions.

If none of the if or else if conditions are true, the last else block 
(without a condition) covers "everything else".


Select Conditions

A select block can be used to test a number of individual conditions:


Example
    
    
    @Code
Dim weekday=DateTime.Now.DayOfWeek
Dim day=weekday.ToString()
Dim message=""
End Code
<html>
<body>

    @Select Case day
Case "Monday"
    message="This is the first 
    weekday."
Case "Thursday"
    message="Only one day before weekend."

    Case "Friday"
    message="Tomorrow is weekend!"
Case Else
    
    message="Today is " & day
End Select
<p>@message</p>
</body>
</html>
Run example 


"Select Case" is followed by the test value (day). Each individual test condition has a case 
value, and any number of code lines. If the test value matches the case value, the code lines 
are 
executed. 



A select block can have a default case (Case Else) for  
"everything else" that runs if none of the other cases are true.



 ASP Tutorial
ASP is an old (but still powerful) tool for making dynamic Web pages.

ASP is a technology (much like PHP) for executing scripts on a web server.

In this tutorial you will learn all you need to know about ASP.




Easy Learning with "Show Example"
This ASP tutorial contains hundreds of examples.

Our "Show Example" tool makes it easy to learn ASP, because it shows ASP  
code with parallel HTML output.

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<%

response.write("My first ASP script!")

%>

</body>

</html>

Show Example 

Click on the "Show Example" button to see how it works!


What is ASP?

ASP stands for Active Server Pages 
ASP is a Microsoft Technology
ASP is a program that runs inside a web server


What is an ASP File?

An ASP file has the file extension ".asp"
 An ASP file is just the same as an HTML file 
An ASP file can contain server scripts in addition to HTML 
Server scripts in an ASP file are executed on the server 



What can ASP do for you?

Edit, change, add content, or customize any web page
  Respond to user queries or data submitted from HTML forms
  Access databases or other server data and return results to a browser
  Provide web security since ASP code cannot be viewed in a browser
  Offer simplicity and speed


How Does it Work?
When a browser requests a normal HTML file, the server just returns the file.

When a browser requests an ASP file, the server passes the request to the ASP engine 
which reads the ASP file and executes the server scripts in the file.

Finally the ASP file is returned to the browser as plain HTML.


ASP References
At W3Schools you will find complete ASP references about built-in objects and 
components, and their properties and methods.

ASP References


ASP Examples
Learn by 100 examples! Because ASP scripts are executed on the server, you
can not view ASP code in a browser, you will only see the output from ASP which
is plain HTML. At W3Schools every example displays the hidden ASP code. This
will make it easier for you to understand how it works.

 ASP Examples!



 ASP Syntax
This makes it easier for you to understand how 
ASP works.


ASP Uses VBScript
The default scripting language in ASP is VBScript.

A scripting language is a lightweight programming language.

VBScript is a light version of Microsoft's Visual Basic.


ASP Files
ASP files can be ordinary HTML files. In addition, ASP files can also contain server scripts.

Scripts surrounded by <% and %> are executed on the server.


The Response.Write() method is used by ASP to write output to HTML.

The following example writes "Hello World" into HTML:


Example
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<%

    Response.Write("Hello World!")

%>

</body>

</html>

Show Example 



  VBScript is case insensitive. Response.Write() can be written as response.write().




Using JavaScript in ASP
To set JavaScript as the scripting language for a web page you must insert a language specification at the top of the page:


Example

<%@ language="javascript"%>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<%

Response.Write("Hello World!")

%>

</body>

</html>




  This tutorial uses the VBScript scripting language.




More Examples
There is an easy shortcut to Response.Write(). You can use an equal sign (=) 
instead. 

The following example also writes "Hello World" into HTML:


Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<%

="Hello World!"

%>

</body>

</html>

Show Example 


HTML tags can be a part of the output:


Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<%

 Response.Write("<h2>You can use HTML tags to format the text!</h2>")
%>

</body>

</html>

Show Example 


HTML attributes can be a part of the output:


Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<%

 Response.Write("<p style='color:#0000ff'>This text is styled.</p>")
%>

</body>

</html>

Show Example 





VBScript Examples
This tutorial contains a lot of VBScript examples.

VBScript Examples


VBScript Reference
This tutorial has complete VBScript reference.

VBScript Reference





 ASP Variables

More Examples

Declare a variable

This example demonstrates how to declare a variable, assign a value to it, and use the value in a text.


Create an array

Arrays are used to store a series of related data items. This example demonstrates how to 
create an array that stores names.


Loop through the HTML headings

How to loop through the six headings in HTML.


Time-based greeting using VBScript

This example will display a different message to the user depending on the time on the server.


Time-based greeting using JavaScript

This example is the same as the one above, but the syntax is different.


Create and change a variable

How to create a variable, assign a value to it, and then change the value of it.


Insert a variable value in a text

How to insert a variable value in a text.


Do You Remember Algebra from School?
Do you remember algebra from school? x=5, y=6, z=x+y

Do you remember that a letter (like x) could be used to hold a value (like 5), and that you could use the information above to calculate the value of z to be 11?

These letters are called variables, and variables can be used to hold values (x=5) or expressions (z=x+y).


VBScript Variables
As with algebra, VBScript variables are used to hold values or expressions.

A variable can have a short name, like x, or a more descriptive name, like carname.

Rules for VBScript variable names:


Must begin with a letter 
  Cannot contain a period (.)
  Cannot exceed 255 characters

In VBScript, all variables are of type variant, that can store different types of data.



Declaring (Creating) VBScript Variables
Creating variables in VBScript is most often referred to as "declaring" variables.

You can declare VBScript variables with the Dim, Public or the Private statement. Like this:



Dim x

Dim carname
Now you have created two variables. The name of the variables are "x" and "carname".

You can also declare variables by using its name in a script. Like this:


carname="Volvo"
Now you have also created a variable. The name of the variable is "carname". However, this method is not a good practice, because you can misspell the variable name later
in your script, and that can cause strange results when your script is running.

 If you misspell for example the "carname" variable to "carnime", 
the script will automatically create a new variable called "carnime".  To prevent your script from doing this, you can use the Option Explicit statement.
This statement forces you to declare all your variables with the dim, public or 
private statement.

 Put the Option Explicit statement on the top of your script. Like this:



Option Explicit

Dim carname

carname=some value
Assigning Values to Variables
You assign a value to a variable like this:
 


carname="Volvo"

x=10
The variable name is on the left side of the expression and the value you want to
assign to the variable is on the right. Now the variable "carname" has
the value of "Volvo", and the variable "x" has the value of "10".
 

VBScript Array Variables
An array variable is used to store multiple values in a single variable.



In the following example, an array containing
3 elements is declared:



Dim names(2)
The number shown in the parentheses is 2. We start at zero so this array contains 3 elements. This is a fixed-size array.
You assign data to each of the elements of the array like this:



names(0)="Tove"

names(1)="Jani"

names(2)="Stale"


Similarly, the data can be retrieved from any element using the index of the particular array element you want.
Like this:


mother=names(0)
You can have up to 60 dimensions in an array. Multiple dimensions are declared by separating
the numbers in the parentheses with commas. Here we have a two-dimensional array consisting of 5 rows and 7 columns:



Dim table(4,6)
Assign data to a two-dimensional array:


Example
<html>

<body>


<%

Dim x(2,2)

x(0,0)="Volvo"

x(0,1)="BMW"

x(0,2)="Ford"

x(1,0)="Apple"

x(1,1)="Orange"

x(1,2)="Banana"

x(2,0)="Coke"

x(2,1)="Pepsi"

x(2,2)="Sprite"

for i=0 to 2

   
    response.write("<p>")

   
for j=0 to 2

       
    response.write(x(i,j) & "<br />")

   
next

   
    response.write("</p>")

next

%>


</body>

</html>
Show Example 


The Lifetime of Variables 
A variable declared outside a procedure can be accessed and changed by any script in the ASP file. 

A variable declared inside a procedure is created and destroyed every time the procedure is executed. No scripts outside the procedure can access or change the variable. 

To declare variables accessible to more than one ASP file, declare them as session variables or application variables.


Session Variables
Session variables are used to store information about ONE single user, and are available to all pages in one application. Typically information stored in session variables are name, id, and preferences.


Application Variables 
Application variables are also available to all pages in one application. Application variables are used to store information about ALL users in one specific application.


 ASP Procedures

Procedures 
The ASP source code can contain procedures and functions: 


Example
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>

<%

sub vbproc(num1,num2)

response.write(num1*num2)

end sub

%>

</head>

<body>


<p>Result: <%call vbproc(3,4)%></p>


</body>

</html>

Show Example 


Insert the <%@ language="language" %> line above the
<html> tag to write the procedure/function in another scripting language: 


Example
<%@ language="javascript" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>

<%

function jsproc(num1,num2)

{

Response.Write(num1*num2)

}

%>

</head>

<body>


<p>Result: <%jsproc(3,4)%></p>


</body>

</html>

Show Example 



Differences Between VBScript and JavaScript
When calling a VBScript or a JavaScript procedure from an ASP file written in VBScript, you can use the
"call" keyword followed by the procedure name. If a procedure requires
parameters, the parameter list must be enclosed in parentheses when using the
"call" keyword. If you omit the "call" keyword, the
parameter list must not be enclosed in parentheses. If the procedure has no
parameters, the parentheses are optional.

When calling a JavaScript or a VBScript procedure from an ASP file written in JavaScript,
always use parentheses after the procedure name.


VBScript Procedures
VBScript has two kinds procedures:


Sub procedure
  Function procedure


VBScript Sub Procedures
A Sub procedure:


is a series of statements, enclosed by the Sub and End Sub statements
  can perform actions, but  does not return a value
  can take arguments


Sub mysub()

 
some statements

End Subor


Sub mysub(argument1,argument2)

  
 some statements

End Sub
Example
Sub mysub()

  response.write("I was written by a sub procedure")

End Sub

Show Example 


VBScript Function Procedures
A Function procedure:


is a series of statements, enclosed by the Function and End Function statements
  can perform actions and can return a value
  can take arguments that are passed to it by a calling procedure
  without arguments, must include an empty set of parentheses ()
  returns a value by assigning a value to its name


Function myfunction()

 
 some statements

  
 myfunction=some value

End Functionor


Function myfunction(argument1,argument2)

  
 some statements

  
 myfunction=some value

End Function
Example
function myfunction()

   myfunction=Date()

end function
Show Example 


Calling a Procedure
This simple function procedures is called to calculate the sum of two arguments:


Example
Function myfunction(a,b)

myfunction=a+b

End Function



    response.write(myfunction(5,9))
Show Example 


The function "myfunction" will return the sum of argument "a" and argument 
"b". In this case 14.


When you call a procedure you can use the Call statement, like this:


Call MyProc(argument)
Or, you can omit the Call statement, like this:



MyProc argument
More Examples
Call procedures using VBScript

How to call both a JavaScript procedure and a VBScript procedure in an ASP file.


 VBScript Conditional Statements
Conditional statements are used to perform different actions for different decisions.

In VBScript we have four conditional statements:



If statement - executes a set of code when a condition is true
  
If...Then...Else statement  - select one of two sets of lines to execute
  
If...Then...ElseIf statement  - select one of many sets of lines to execute
  
Select Case statement - select one of many sets of lines to execute


If...Then...Else
Use the If...Then...Else statement if you want to


execute some code if a condition is true
  select one of two blocks of code to execute


If you want to execute only  one statement when a condition is true, you can write the code on one line:


If i=10 Then response.write("Hello")
There is no ..Else.. in this syntax. You just tell the code to
perform one action if a condition is true (in this case If i=10).



If you want to execute  more than one statement when a condition is true,
you must put each statement on separate lines, and end the statement with the
keyword "End If":




If i=10 Then

    response.write("Hello")

   i = i+1

End If
There is no ..Else.. in the example above either. You just tell the code to perform  multiple actions if the condition is true.

If you want to execute a statement if a condition is true and execute another statement if the condition is not true, you must add the "Else"
keyword:



Example
i=hour(time)

If i < 10 Then

    response.write("Good morning!")

Else

    response.write("Have a nice day!")

End If
Show Example 



In the example above, the first block of code will be executed if the condition is true, and the other block
will be executed otherwise (if i is greater than 10).




If...Then...ElseIf
You can use the If...Then...ElseIf statement if you want to select one of many blocks of
code to execute:


Example
i=hour(time)

If i = 10 Then

    response.write("Just started...!")

ElseIf i = 11 Then

    response.write("Hungry!")

ElseIf i = 12 Then

    response.write("Ah, lunch-time!")

ElseIf i = 16 Then

    response.write("Time to go home!")

Else

    response.write("Unknown")

End If
Show Example 


Select Case
You can also use the "Select Case" statement if you want to select one of many blocks of
code to execute:


Example
d=weekday(date)
Select Case d

 
Case 1

   
    response.write("Sleepy Sunday")

 
Case 2

   
    response.write("Monday again!")

 
Case 3

   
    response.write("Just Tuesday!")

 
Case 4

   
    response.write("Wednesday!")

 
Case 5

   
    response.write("Thursday...")

 
Case 6

   
    response.write("Finally Friday!")

 
Case else

   
    response.write("Super Saturday!!!!")

End Select
Show Example 


This is how it works: First we have a single expression (most often a
variable), that is evaluated once. The value of the expression is then compared with the
values for each Case in the structure. If there is a match, the block of code
associated with that Case is executed.


 VBScript Looping
Looping statements are used to run the same block of code a specified number of times.

In VBScript we have four looping statements:



For...Next statement - runs code a specified number of times

For Each...Next statement - runs code for each item in a collection or each element of an array

Do...Loop statement - loops while or until a condition is true

While...Wend statement - Do not use it - use the Do...Loop statement instead


For...Next Loop
Use the For...Next statement to run a block of code a specified number of times.



The For statement specifies the counter variable (i), and its start and end
values. The  Next statement increases the counter variable (i) by one.


Example
<html>

<body>


<%

For i = 0 To 5

  response.write("The number is " & i & "<br />")

Next

%>


</body>

</html>
Show Example 


The Step Keyword
With the  Step keyword, you can increase or decrease the counter variable by the value you specify.

In the example below, the counter variable (i) is INCREASED by two, each time the loop repeats.



For i=2 To 10 Step 2

  some code

Next

To decrease the counter variable, you must use a negative  Step value. You must specify an end value that is less than the start value.

In the example below, the counter variable (i) is DECREASED by two, each time the loop repeats.



For i=10 To 2 Step -2

  some code

Next


Exit a For...Next
You can exit a For...Next statement with the Exit For keyword.



For i=1 To 10

  If i=5 Then Exit For

  some code

Next



For Each...Next Loop
A For Each...Next loop repeats a block of code for each item in a collection, or for each element of an array.


Example
<html>

<body>


<%

Dim cars(2)

cars(0)="Volvo"

cars(1)="Saab"

cars(2)="BMW"


For Each x In cars

  response.write(x & "<br />")

Next

%>


</body>

</html>
Show Example 


Do...Loop

If you don't know how many repetitions you want, use a Do...Loop statement.


The Do...Loop statement repeats a block of code while a condition is
true, or until a condition becomes true.



Repeat Code While a Condition is True

You use the While keyword to check a condition in a Do...Loop statement.



Do While i>10

  some code

Loop

If  i equals 9, the code inside the loop above will never be executed.


Do

  some code

Loop While i>10


The code inside this loop will be executed at least one time, even if  i is less than 10.



Repeat Code Until a Condition Becomes True

You use the Until keyword to check a condition in a Do...Loop statement.



Do Until i=10

  some code

Loop


If  i equals 10, the code inside the loop will never be executed.



Do

  some code

Loop Until i=10

The code inside this loop will be executed at least one time, even if  i is equal to 10.


Exit a Do...Loop

You can exit a Do...Loop statement with the Exit Do keyword.



Do Until i=10

  i=i-1

  If i<10 Then Exit Do

Loop


The code inside this loop will be executed as long as  i is different
from 10, and as long as  i is greater than 10.



More Examples

Looping through headers

How to loop through the six headings in html.



Do...While loop

How to make a simple Do...While loop.



 ASP Forms and User Input

More Examples
A form with method="get"

How to interact with the user, with the Request.QueryString command.


A form with method="post"

How to interact with the user, with the Request.Form command.


A form with radio buttons

How to interact with the user, through radio buttons, with the Request.Form command.


User Input 
The Request object can be used to retrieve user information from forms.


User input can be retrieved with the Request.QueryString or Request.Form command. 


Request.QueryString
The Request.QueryString command is used to collect values in a form with method="get".

Information sent from a form with the GET method is visible to everyone (it will be displayed in the browser's address bar)
and has limits on the amount of information to send.


Example HTML form


<form method="get" action="simpleform.asp">

First Name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br>

Last Name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br><br>

<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>
If a user typed "Bill" and "Gates" in the HTML form above, the URL sent to the server would look like this:


https://www.w3schools.com/simpleform.asp?fname=Bill&lname=Gates
Assume that "simpleform.asp" contains the following ASP script:



<body>

Welcome

<%

response.write(request.querystring("fname"))

response.write(" " & request.querystring("lname"))

%>

</body>
The browser will display the following in the body of the document:


Welcome Bill Gates

Request.Form 
The Request.Form
command is used to collect values in a form with method="post".

Information sent from a form with the POST method 
is invisible to others and has no limits on the amount of information to send.


Example HTML form


<form method="post" action="simpleform.asp">

First Name: <input type="text" name="fname"><br>

Last Name: <input type="text" name="lname"><br><br>

<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>
If a user typed "Bill" and "Gates" in the HTML form 
above, the URL sent to the server would look like this: 


https://www.w3schools.com/simpleform.asp
Assume that "simpleform.asp" contains the following ASP script:



<body>

Welcome

<%

response.write(request.form("fname"))

response.write(" " & request.form("lname"))

%>

</body>
The browser will display the following in the body of the document:


Welcome Bill Gates
Form Validation
User input should be validated on the browser whenever possible (by client scripts).
Browser validation is faster and reduces the server load.

You should consider server validation if the user input will be
inserted into a database. A good way to validate a form on the server is to post
the form to itself, instead of jumping to a different page. The user will then
get the error messages on the same page as the form. This makes it easier to
discover the error.


 ASP Cookies

More Examples
Welcome cookie

How to create a Welcome cookie.


What is a Cookie? 
A cookie is often used to identify a user. A cookie is a small file that the server
embeds on the user's computer. Each time the same computer requests a page with a browser, it will send the cookie
too. With ASP, you can both create and retrieve cookie values.


How to Create a Cookie?
The "Response.Cookies" command is used to create cookies.

Note: The Response.Cookies command must appear BEFORE the <html> tag.

In the example below, we will create a cookie named "firstname" and assign the value "Alex" to it:



<%

Response.Cookies("firstname")="Alex"

%>
It is also possible to assign properties to a cookie, like setting a date when the cookie should expire:



<%

Response.Cookies("firstname")="Alex"

Response.Cookies("firstname").Expires=#May 10,2012#

%>
How to Retrieve a Cookie Value?
The "Request.Cookies" command is used to retrieve a cookie value.

In the example below, we retrieve the value of the cookie named "firstname" and display it on a page:



<%

fname=Request.Cookies("firstname")

response.write("Firstname=" & fname)

%>
Output: Firstname=Alex



A Cookie with Keys
If a cookie contains a collection of multiple values, we say that the cookie has Keys.

In the example below, we will create a cookie collection named "user".
The "user" cookie has Keys that contains information about a user:



<%

Response.Cookies("user")("firstname")="John"

Response.Cookies("user")("lastname")="Smith"

Response.Cookies("user")("country")="Norway"

Response.Cookies("user")("age")="25"

%>
Read all Cookies
Look at the following code:



<%

Response.Cookies("firstname")="Alex"

Response.Cookies("user")("firstname")="John"

Response.Cookies("user")("lastname")="Smith"

Response.Cookies("user")("country")="Norway"

Response.Cookies("user")("age")="25"

%>
Assume that your server has sent all the cookies above to a user.

Now we want to read all the cookies sent to a user. The example below shows 
how to do it (note that the code below checks if a cookie has Keys with the HasKeys property):



    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>


<%

dim x,y

for each x in Request.Cookies

   
  response.write("<p>")

   
  if Request.Cookies(x).HasKeys then

       
    for each y in Request.Cookies(x)

           
      response.write(x & ":" & y & "=" & Request.Cookies(x)(y))

           
      response.write("<br>")

       
    next

   
  else

       
    Response.Write(x & "=" & Request.Cookies(x) & "<br>")

   
  end if

   
  response.write "</p>"

next

%>


</body>

</html>
Output:

firstname=Alex

user:firstname=John

user:lastname=Smith

user:country=Norway

user:age=25


What if a Browser Does NOT Support Cookies?
If your application deals with browsers that do not support cookies, you will
have to use other methods to pass information from one page to another in your application.
There are two ways of doing this:


1. Add parameters to a URL
You can add parameters to a URL:


<a href="welcome.asp?fname=John&lname=Smith">Go to Welcome Page</a>
And retrieve the values in the "welcome.asp" file like this:



<%

fname=Request.querystring("fname")

lname=Request.querystring("lname")

response.write("<p>Hello " & fname & " " & lname & "!</p>")

response.write("<p>Welcome to my Web site!</p>")

%>
2. Use a form
You can use a form. The form passes the user input to "welcome.asp" when the user clicks on the Submit button:



<form method="post" action="welcome.asp">

First Name:  <input type="text" name="fname" value="">

Last Name: <input type="text" name="lname" value="">

<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>
Retrieve the values in the "welcome.asp" file like this:



<%

fname=Request.form("fname")

lname=Request.form("lname")

response.write("<p>Hello " & fname & " " & lname & "!</p>")

response.write("<p>Welcome to my Web site!</p>")

%>
 ASP Session Object

The Session object 
When you are working with an application on your computer, you open it, do some changes and then
you close it. This is much like a Session. The computer knows who you are. It
knows when you open the application and when you close it. However, on the internet there is one
problem: the web server does not know who you are and what you do, because the HTTP address doesn't maintain state. 


ASP solves this problem by creating a unique cookie for each user. The cookie
is sent to the user's computer and it contains information that identifies the user. This
interface is called the Session object. 


The Session object stores information about, or change settings for a user session.

Variables stored in a Session object hold information about one single user, and are available to all pages in one application. Common information
stored in session variables are name, id, and preferences. The server creates a new Session object for each new user, and destroys the Session object when the session expires. 


When does a Session Start?
A session starts when:


A new user requests an ASP file, and the Global.asa file includes a Session_OnStart procedure
  A value is stored in a Session variable
  A user requests an ASP file, and the Global.asa file uses the <object> tag to instantiate an object with session scope


When does a Session End?
A session ends if a user has not requested or refreshed a page in the application for a specified period. By default, this is 20 minutes. 

If you want to set a timeout interval that is shorter or longer than the default, 
use the Timeout property.

The example below sets a timeout interval of 5 minutes:



<%

Session.Timeout=5

%>
Use the Abandon method to end a session immediately:



<%

Session.Abandon

%>
Note: The main problem with sessions is WHEN they should end. We do 
not know if the user's last request was the final one or not. So we do not know 
how long we should keep the session "alive". Waiting too long for an idle 
session uses up resources on the server, but if the session is deleted too soon 
the user has to start all over again because the server has deleted all the 
information. Finding the right timeout interval can be difficult!



  Tip: Only store SMALL amounts of data in session variables!




Store and Retrieve Session Variables 
The most important thing about the Session object is that you can store variables in it.

The example below will set the Session variable username to "Donald Duck" and the Session variable age to "50":



<%

Session("username")="Donald Duck"

Session("age")=50

%>
When the value is stored in a session variable it can be reached from ANY page in the ASP application:


Welcome <%Response.Write(Session("username"))%>
The line above returns: "Welcome Donald Duck".

You can also store user preferences in the Session object, and then access
that preference to choose what page to return to the user.

The example below specifies a text-only version of the page if the user has a low screen resolution: 



<%If Session("screenres")="low" Then%>

   
  This is the text version of the page

<%Else%>

   
  This is the multimedia version of the page

<%End If%>
Remove Session Variables 
The Contents collection contains all session variables.

It is possible to remove a session variable with the Remove method.

The example below removes the session variable "sale" if the value of the session variable "age" is lower than 18: 



<%

If Session.Contents("age")<18 then

   
  Session.Contents.Remove("sale")

End If

%>
To remove all variables in a session, use the RemoveAll method: 



<%

Session.Contents.RemoveAll()

%>
Loop Through the Contents Collection
The Contents collection contains all session variables. You can loop through the Contents collection, to see what's stored in it: 



<%

Session("username")="Donald Duck"

Session("age")=50


dim i

For Each i in Session.Contents

   
  Response.Write(i & "<br>")

Next

%>
Result:



username

age
If you do not know the number of items in the Contents collection, you can use the Count property:



<%

dim i

dim j

j=Session.Contents.Count

Response.Write("Session variables: " & j)

For i=1 to j

   
  Response.Write(Session.Contents(i) & "<br>")

Next

%>
Result:



Session variables: 2

Donald Duck

50
Loop Through the StaticObjects Collection
You can loop through the StaticObjects collection, to see the values of all objects stored in the Session object:



<%

dim i

For Each i in Session.StaticObjects

   
  Response.Write(i & "<br>")

Next

%>
 ASP Application Object

Application Object
An application on the Web may consist of several ASP files that work together to perform some purpose.
The Application object is used to tie these files together.

The Application object is used to store and access variables from any page, just like the Session object. The difference
is that ALL users share ONE Application object (with Sessions there is ONE Session object for EACH user).

The Application object holds information that will be used by many pages in the application (like database connection information).
The information can be accessed from any page. The information can also be changed in one place, and the changes will automatically be reflected
on all pages.


Store and Retrieve Application Variables
Application variables can be accessed and changed by any page in an application.

You can create Application variables in "Global.asa" like this:



<script language="vbscript" runat="server">


Sub Application_OnStart

application("vartime")=""

application("users")=1

End Sub


</script>
In the example above we have created two Application variables: "vartime" and "users".

You can access the value of an Application variable like this:



There are

<%

Response.Write(Application("users"))

%>

active connections.

Loop Through the Contents Collection
The Contents collection contains all application variables. You can loop through the Contents collection, to see what's stored in it:



<%

dim i

For Each i in Application.Contents

   
  Response.Write(i & "<br>")

Next

%>
If you do not know the number of items in the Contents collection, you can use the Count property:



<%

dim i

dim j

j=Application.Contents.Count

For i=1 to j

   
  Response.Write(Application.Contents(i) & "<br>")

Next

%>
Loop Through the StaticObjects Collection
You can loop through the StaticObjects collection, to see the values of all objects stored in the Application object:



<%

dim i

For Each i in Application.StaticObjects

   
  Response.Write(i & "<br>")

Next

%>
Lock and Unlock
You can lock an application with the "Lock" method. When an
application is locked, the users cannot change the Application variables (other than the one currently accessing
it). You can unlock an application with the "Unlock" method. This method
removes the lock from the Application variable:



<%

Application.Lock

  'do some application object operations

Application.Unlock

%>
 ASP Including Files
You can insert the content of one ASP file into another ASP file before the
server executes it, with the #include directive.

The #include directive is used to create functions, headers, footers, or 
elements that will be reused on multiple pages.


How to Use the #include Directive
Here is a file called "mypage.asp":



    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
 
<h3>Words of Wisdom:</h3>

<p><!--#include file="wisdom.inc"--></p>

<h3>The time is:</h3>

<p><!--#include file="time.inc"--></p>

</body>

</html>
Here is the "wisdom.inc" file:



"One should never increase, beyond what is necessary,

the number of entities required to explain anything."
Here is the "time.inc" file:



<%

Response.Write(Time)

%>
If you look at the source code in a browser, it will look something like this:



    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>

<h3>Words of Wisdom:</h3>

<p>"One should never increase, beyond what is necessary,

the number of entities required to explain anything."</p>

<h3>The time is:</h3>

<p>11:33:42 AM</p>

</body>

</html>

Syntax for Including Files
To include a file in an ASP page, place the #include directive inside comment tags:



<!--#include virtual="somefilename"-->


or


<!--#include file ="somefilename"-->
The Virtual Keyword
Use the virtual keyword to indicate a path beginning with a virtual directory.

If a file named "header.inc" resides in a virtual directory named /html, the following line would insert the contents of "header.inc":


<!-- #include virtual ="/html/header.inc" -->
The File Keyword
Use the file keyword to indicate a relative path. A relative path begins with the directory that contains the including file.

If you have a file in the html directory, and the file "header.inc" resides in html\headers, the following line would insert "header.inc" in your file:


<!-- #include file ="headers\header.inc" -->
Note that the path to the included file (headers\header.inc) is relative to the including file. 
If the file containing this #include statement is not in the html directory, the statement will not work.


Tips and Notes
In the sections above we have used the file extension ".inc" for included files. Notice that if a user tries to browse an INC file directly,
its content will be displayed. If your included file contains confidential information or information you do not want any users to see, it is better to use an 
ASP extension. The source code in an ASP file will not be visible after the interpretation. An included file can also include other files,
and one ASP file can include the same file more than once.

Important: Included files are processed and inserted before the scripts are executed. The following script will NOT work because ASP executes the 
#include directive before it assigns a value to the variable:



<%

fname="header.inc"

%>

<!--#include file="<%fname%>"-->
You cannot open or close a script delimiter in an INC file. The following script will NOT work:



<%

For i = 1 To n

   
  <!--#include file="count.inc"-->

Next

%>
But this script will work:



<% For i = 1 to n %>

 
<!--#include file="count.inc" -->

<% Next %>
 ASP The Global.asa file
The Global.asa file is an optional file that can contain declarations of objects, variables, and methods that
can be accessed by every page in an ASP application.

All valid browser scripts (JavaScript, VBScript, JScript, PerlScript, etc.) can be used within Global.asa.


The Global.asa file can contain only the following:


Application events
  Session events
  <object> declarations
  TypeLibrary declarations
  the #include directive

Note: The Global.asa file must be stored in the root directory of the
ASP application, and each application can only have one Global.asa file.


Events in Global.asa
In  Global.asa you can tell the application and session objects what to do when the application/session starts and what to do when the
application/session ends. The code for this is placed in event handlers. The Global.asa file can contain four types of events:

Application_OnStart - Occurs when the FIRST user calls the first page in an ASP application. This event occurs after the
Web server is restarted or after the Global.asa file is edited. The "Session_OnStart" event occurs immediately after this event.
Session_OnStart - This event occurs EVERY time a NEW user requests his or her first page in the ASP application.

Session_OnEnd - This event occurs EVERY time a user ends a session. A user-session ends after a page has not been requested by the user for a 
specified time (by default this is 20 minutes).

Application_OnEnd - This event occurs after the LAST user has ended the session. Typically, this event occurs when a Web server stops.
This procedure is used to clean up settings after the Application stops, like delete records or write information to text files.

A Global.asa file could look something like this:



<script language="vbscript" runat="server">


sub Application_OnStart

  'some code

end sub


sub Application_OnEnd

  'some code

end sub


sub Session_OnStart

  'some code

end sub


sub Session_OnEnd

  'some code

end sub


</script>
Note: Because we cannot use the ASP script delimiters (<% and %>) to insert scripts in the Global.asa file, we put subroutines inside an HTML 
<script> element.



<object> Declarations
It is possible to create objects with session or application scope in Global.asa by using the <object> tag.

Note: The <object> tag should be outside the <script> tag!


Syntax


<object runat="server" scope="scope" id="id"
{progid="progID"|classid="classID"}>

....

</object>


Parameter Description
  
scope Sets the scope of the object (either Session or Application)
  
id Specifies a unique id for the object
  
ProgID An id associated with a class id. The format for ProgID is [Vendor.]Component[.Version]
     Either ProgID or ClassID must be specified.


  
ClassID Specifies a unique id for a COM class object. Either ProgID or ClassID must be specified.


  

Examples
The first example creates an object of session scope named "MyAd" by using the ProgID parameter:


<object runat="server" scope="session" id="MyAd"
progid="MSWC.AdRotator">

</object>
The second example creates an object of application scope named "MyConnection" by using the ClassID parameter:



<object runat="server" scope="application" id="MyConnection"

classid="Clsid:8AD3067A-B3FC-11CF-A560-00A0C9081C21">

</object>
The objects declared in the Global.asa file can be used by any script in the application:



GLOBAL.ASA:


<object runat="server" scope="session" id="MyAd"
progid="MSWC.AdRotator">

</object>


You could reference the object "MyAd" from any page in the ASP application:


SOME .ASP FILE:


<%=MyAd.GetAdvertisement("/banners/adrot.txt")%>
TypeLibrary Declarations
A TypeLibrary is a container for the contents of a DLL file corresponding to a COM object. By including a call to the TypeLibrary in the Global.asa file,
the constants of the COM object can be accessed, and errors can be better reported by the ASP code. If your Web application relies on COM objects that have
declared data types in type libraries, you can declare the type libraries in Global.asa.


Syntax


<!--METADATA TYPE="TypeLib"

file="filename"
uuid="id"
version="number"
lcid="localeid"

-->

Parameter Description
  
file Specifies an absolute path to a type library.
      Either the file parameter or the uuid parameter is required


  
uuid Specifies a unique identifier for the type library.
      Either the file parameter or the uuid parameter is required


  
version Optional. Used for selecting version. If the requested version is not found, then the most recent version is used
  
lcid Optional. The locale identifier to be used for the type library
  

Error Values

The server can return one of the following error messages:



Error Code Description
  
ASP 0222  Invalid type library specification
  
ASP 0223  Type library not found
  
ASP 0224  Type library cannot be loaded
  
ASP 0225  Type library cannot be wrapped
  

Note: METADATA tags can appear anywhere in the Global.asa file (both inside and outside <script> tags). However, it is recommended that
METADATA tags appear near the top of the Global.asa file.


Restrictions
Restrictions on what you can include in the Global.asa file:


 You cannot display text written in the Global.asa file. This file can't display information
  You can only use Server and Application objects in the Application_OnStart and Application_OnEnd
subroutines. In the Session_OnEnd subroutine, you can use Server, Application, and Session
    objects. In the Session_OnStart subroutine you can use any built-in object


How to use the Subroutines
Global.asa is often used to initialize variables. 

 The example below shows how to detect the exact time a visitor first arrives on a Web site. The time is stored in a Session variable named 
"started", and the value of the "started" variable can be accessed from any ASP page in the application:



<script language="vbscript" runat="server">

sub Session_OnStart

Session("started")=now()

end sub

</script>
Global.asa can also be used to control page access.


The example below shows how to redirect every new visitor to another page, in this case to a
page called "newpage.asp":



<script language="vbscript" runat="server">

sub Session_OnStart

Response.Redirect("newpage.asp")

end sub

</script>
And you can include functions in the Global.asa file.

In the example below the Application_OnStart subroutine occurs when the Web server starts. Then
the Application_OnStart subroutine calls another subroutine named "getcustomers".
The "getcustomers" subroutine opens a database and retrieves a record set from
the "customers" table. The record set is assigned to an array, where it
can be accessed from any ASP page without querying the database:



<script language="vbscript" runat="server">


sub Application_OnStart

getcustomers

end sub


sub getcustomers

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"

set rs=conn.execute("select name from customers")

Application("customers")=rs.GetRows

rs.Close

conn.Close

end sub


</script>
Global.asa Example
In this example we will create a Global.asa file that counts the number of current visitors.


The Application_OnStart sets the Application variable "visitors" to 0 when the server starts
  The Session_OnStart subroutine adds one to the variable "visitors" every time a new visitor arrives
  The Session_OnEnd subroutine subtracts one from "visitors" each time this subroutine is triggered

The Global.asa file:



<script language="vbscript" runat="server">


Sub Application_OnStart

Application("visitors")=0

End Sub


Sub Session_OnStart

Application.Lock

Application("visitors")=Application("visitors")+1

Application.UnLock

End Sub


Sub Session_OnEnd

Application.Lock

Application("visitors")=Application("visitors")-1

Application.UnLock

End Sub


</script>
To display the number of current visitors in an ASP file:



    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>

</head>

<body>

<p>There are <%response.write(Application("visitors"))%>
online now!</p>

</body>

</html>
 ASP AJAX

What is AJAX?
AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.

AJAX is a technique for creating fast and dynamic web pages.

AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging small 
amounts of data with the server behind the scenes. This means that it is 
possible to update parts of a web page, without reloading the whole page.

Classic web pages, (which do not use AJAX) must reload the entire page if the 
content should change.

Examples of applications using AJAX: Google Maps, Gmail, Youtube, and 
Facebook tabs.


How AJAX Works



AJAX is Based on Internet Standards
AJAX is based on internet standards, and uses a combination of:


XMLHttpRequest object (to exchange data asynchronously with a server)
JavaScript/DOM (to display/interact with the information)
CSS (to style the data)
XML (often used as the format for transferring data)


  AJAX applications are browser- and platform-independent!




Google Suggest
AJAX was made popular in 2005 by Google, with Google Suggest.

Google Suggest 
is using AJAX to create a very dynamic web interface: 
When you start typing in Google's search box, a JavaScript sends the letters off 
to a server and the server returns a list of suggestions.


Start Using AJAX Today
In our ASP tutorial, we will demonstrate how AJAX can update parts of a web 
page, without reloading the whole page. The server script will be written in ASP.

If you want to learn more about AJAX, visit our AJAX tutorial.



AJAX ASP Example
The following example will demonstrate how a web page can communicate with a 
web server while a user type characters in an input field:


Example

Start typing a name in the input field below:


First name: 

Suggestions: 
 





Example Explained
In the example above, when a user types a character in the input field, a function 
called "showHint()" is executed.

The function is triggered by the onkeyup event.

Here is the HTML code:


Example
    <html>
<head>
<script>
function showHint(str) {
    
    if (str.length == 0) { 
        
    document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML = "";
        
    return;
    } else {
        var xmlhttp = new 
    XMLHttpRequest();
        xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() 
    {
            if (this.readyState == 4 && 
    this.status == 200) {
                document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML = 
    this.responseText;
            
    }
        };
        xmlhttp.open("GET", "gethint.asp?q=" + str, true);
        xmlhttp.send();
    
    }
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<p><b>Start typing a name in the 
    input field below:</b></p>
<form> 
First name: <input type="text" 
    onkeyup="showHint(this.value)">
</form>
<p>Suggestions: <span id="txtHint"></span></p>

    </body>
</html>
Try it Yourself 


Code explanation:

First, check if the input field is empty (str.length == 0). If it is, clear the 
content of the txtHint placeholder and exit the function.

However, if the input field is not empty, do the following:


Create an XMLHttpRequest object
  Create the function to be executed when the server response is ready
  Send the request off to an ASP file (gethint.asp) on the server
  Notice that q parameter is added gethint.asp?q="+str
  The str variable holds the content of the input field


The ASP File - "gethint.asp"
The ASP file checks an array of names, and returns the corresponding name(s) to the 
browser:


<%

response.expires=-1

dim a(30)

'Fill up array with names

a(1)="Anna"

a(2)="Brittany"

a(3)="Cinderella"

a(4)="Diana"

a(5)="Eva"

a(6)="Fiona"

a(7)="Gunda"

a(8)="Hege"

a(9)="Inga"

a(10)="Johanna"

a(11)="Kitty"

a(12)="Linda"

a(13)="Nina"

a(14)="Ophelia"

a(15)="Petunia"

a(16)="Amanda"

a(17)="Raquel"

a(18)="Cindy"

a(19)="Doris"

a(20)="Eve"

a(21)="Evita"

a(22)="Sunniva"

a(23)="Tove"

a(24)="Unni"

a(25)="Violet"

a(26)="Liza"

a(27)="Elizabeth"

a(28)="Ellen"

a(29)="Wenche"

a(30)="Vicky"


'get the q parameter from URL

q=ucase(request.querystring("q"))


'lookup all hints from array if length of q>0

if len(q)>0 then

   
  hint=""

   
  for i=1 to 30

       
    if q=ucase(mid(a(i),1,len(q))) then

           
      if hint="" then

               
        hint=a(i)

           
      else

               
        hint=hint & " , " & a(i)

           
      end if

       
    end if

   
  next

end if


'Output "no suggestion" if no hint were found

'or output the correct values

if hint="" then

   
  response.write("no suggestion")

else

   
  response.write(hint)

end if

%>

AJAX can be used for interactive communication with a database.


AJAX Database Example
The following example will demonstrate how a web page can fetch 
information from a database with AJAX:

Example

 



Customer info will be listed here...


Try it Yourself 




Example Explained - The HTML Page
When a user selects a customer in the dropdown list above, a function called "showCustomer()" is executed. The 
function is triggered by the "onchange" event:
 


    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>

<script>

function showCustomer(str)

{

if (str=="")

  {

  document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML="";

  return;

  }

if (window.XMLHttpRequest)

  {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari

  xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();

  }

else

  {// code for IE6, IE5

  xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");

  }

xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()

  {

  if (this.readyState==4 && this.status==200)

    {

    document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=this.responseText;

    }

  }

xmlhttp.open("GET","getcustomer.asp?q="+str,true);

xmlhttp.send();

}

</script>

</head

<body>


<form> 

<select name="customers" onchange="showCustomer(this.value)">

<option value="">Select a customer:</option>

<option value="ALFKI">Alfreds Futterkiste</option>

<option value="NORTS ">North/South</option>

<option value="WOLZA">Wolski Zajazd</option>

</select>

</form>

<


<div id="txtHint">Customer info will be listed here...</div>


</body>

</html>
Source code explanation:

If no customer is selected (str.length==0), the function clears the 
content of the txtHint placeholder and exits the function.


If a customer is selected, the showCustomer() function executes the following:


Create an XMLHttpRequest object
  Create the function to be executed when the server response is ready
  Send the request off to a file on the server
  Notice that a parameter (q) is added to the URL (with the content of the 
    dropdown list)


The ASP File

The page on the server called by the JavaScript above is an ASP file called "getcustomer.asp".

The source code in "getcustomer.asp" runs a query against a database, and returns the result in an HTML 
table:



<%

response.expires=-1

sql="SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CUSTOMERID="

sql=sql & "'" & request.querystring("q") & "'"


set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open(Server.Mappath("/datafolder/northwind.mdb"))

set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

rs.Open sql,conn


response.write("<table>")

do until rs.EOF

   
  for each x in rs.Fields

       
    response.write("<tr><td><b>" & x.name & "</b></td>")

       
    response.write("<td>" & x.value & "</td></tr>")

   
  next

   
  rs.MoveNext

loop
response.write("</table>")

%>


      
        
        
        
          


      
 ASP Sending e-mail with CDOSYS

Sending e-mail with CDOSYS
CDO (Collaboration Data Objects) is a Microsoft technology that is designed to simplify the creation of messaging applications.

CDOSYS is a built-in component in ASP. We will show you how to use this component to send e-mail with ASP.


How about CDONTs?
Microsoft has discontinued the use of CDONTs on Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows 2003. If you have used CDONTs in your ASP applications, you should 
update the code and use the new CDO technology.


Examples using CDOSYS
Sending a text e-mail:



<%

Set myMail = CreateObject("CDO.Message")

myMail.Subject = "Sending email with CDO"

myMail.From = "mymail@mydomain.com"

myMail.To = "someone@somedomain.com"

myMail.TextBody = "This is a message."

myMail.Send

set myMail = nothing

%>
Sending a text e-mail with Bcc and CC fields:



<%

Set myMail = CreateObject("CDO.Message")

myMail.Subject = "Sending email with CDO"

myMail.From = "mymail@mydomain.com"

myMail.To = "someone@somedomain.com"

myMail.Bcc = "someoneelse@somedomain.com"

myMail.Cc = "someoneelse2@somedomain.com"

myMail.TextBody = "This is a message."

myMail.Send

set myMail = nothing

%>
Sending an HTML e-mail:



<%

Set myMail = CreateObject("CDO.Message")

myMail.Subject = "Sending email with CDO"

myMail.From = "mymail@mydomain.com"

myMail.To = "someone@somedomain.com"

myMail.HTMLBody = "<h1>This is a message.</h1>"

myMail.Send

set myMail = nothing

%>
Sending an HTML e-mail that sends a webpage from a website:



<%

Set myMail = CreateObject("CDO.Message")

myMail.Subject = "Sending email with CDO"

myMail.From = "mymail@mydomain.com"

myMail.To ="someone@somedomain.com"

myMail.CreateMHTMLBody "https://www.w3schools.com/asp/"

myMail.Send

set myMail = nothing

%>



        
  
    

  


Sending an HTML e-mail that sends a webpage from a file on your computer:



<%

Set myMail = CreateObject("CDO.Message")

myMail.Subject = "Sending email with CDO"

myMail.From = "mymail@mydomain.com"

myMail.To = "someone@somedomain.com"

myMail.CreateMHTMLBody "file://c:/mydocuments/test.htm"

myMail.Send

set myMail = nothing

%>
Sending a text e-mail with an Attachment:



<%

Set myMail = CreateObject("CDO.Message")

myMail.Subject = "Sending email with CDO"

myMail.From = "mymail@mydomain.com"

myMail.To = "someone@somedomain.com"

myMail.TextBody = "This is a message."

myMail.AddAttachment "c:\mydocuments\test.txt"

myMail.Send

set myMail = nothing

%>
Sending a text e-mail using a remote server:



<%

Set myMail = CreateObject("CDO.Message")

myMail.Subject = "Sending email with CDO"

myMail.From = "mymail@mydomain.com"

myMail.To = "someone@somedomain.com"

myMail.TextBody = "This is a message."

myMail.Configuration.Fields.Item _

("http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/sendusing") = 2

'Name or IP of remote SMTP server

myMail.Configuration.Fields.Item _

("http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserver") = "smtp.server.com"

'Server port

myMail.Configuration.Fields.Item _

("http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserverport") = 25 

myMail.Configuration.Fields.Update

myMail.Send

set myMail = nothing

%>
 ASP and VBScript Examples
ASP Output


Writing plain text
Writing HTML Tags
Writing HTML attributes


VbScript Variables


Create a variable
Create a variable 
and change its value
Insert a variable value in a text
Create an array


VBScript Looping


For..Next loop
Looping through HTML headers
For..Each loop
Do...While loop


VBScript Date and Time Functions


Date and time
Get the name of a day
Get the name of a month
Get todays' day and month
Countdown to year 3000
Calculate the day which is n days from today
Format date and time
Is this a date?



Some Other Built-in VBScript Functions


Uppercase or lowercase a string
Trim a string
How to reverse a string?
How to round a number?
A random number
Return a random number between 0-99
Return a specified number of characters from left/right of a string
Replace some characters in a string
Return a specified number of characters from a string



Procedures


Sub procedure
Function procedure



VBScript vs JavaScript


Call a procedure using VBScript in ASP
Call a procedure using JavaScript in ASP
Call a JavaScript procedure and a VBScript procedure using VBScript in ASP
Time-based greeting using VBScript
Time-based greeting using JavaScript




VBScript Conditional Statements


If...Then..Else statement
If...Then..ElseIf statement
Select Case statement
Random link


ASP Forms


Interact with a user in a form that uses the "get" method
Interact with a user in a form that uses the "post" method
Interact with a user in a  form with radio buttons



ASP Cookies

Create a welcome cookie


ASP Response Object


Write text using ASP
Format text with HTML tags
Redirect the user to another URL
Random links
Controlling the buffer
Clear the buffer
End a script in the middle of processing
Set how many minutes a page will be cached in a browser before it expires
Set a date/time when a page cached in a browser will expire
Check if the user is still connected
Set the type of content
Set the name of character set



ASP Request Object


Send extra information within a link
A QueryString collection in its simplest use
How to use information from forms
More information from a form
A form collection in its simplest use
How to use information from forms
More information from a form
A form with radio buttons
A form with checkboxes
How to find the visitors' browser type, IP address and more
List all servervariables you can ask for
Welcome cookie
Total number of bytes the user sent



ASP Session Object


Return session id number for a user
Get a session's timeout



ASP Server Object


When was a file last modified?
Open a textfile for reading
Home made hit counter


ASP FileSystem Object


Does a specified file exist?
Does a specified folder exist?
Does a specified drive exist?
Get the name of a specified drive
Get the name of the parent folder of a specified path
Get the file extension
Get the base name of a file or folder



ASP TextStream Object


Read textfile
Read only a part of a textfile
Read one line of a textfile
Read all lines from a textfile
Skip a part of a textfile
Skip a line of a textfile
Return current line-number in a text file
Get column number of the current character in a text file



ASP Drive Object


Get the available space of a specified drive
Get the free space of a specified drive
Get the total size of a specified drive
Get the drive letter of a specified drive
Get the drive type of a specified drive
Get the file system of a specified drive
Is the drive ready?
Get the path of a specified drive
Get the root folder of a specified drive
Get the serial 
number of a specified drive



ASP File Object


When was the file created?
When was the file last modified?
When was the file last accessed?
Return the attributes of a specified file


ASP Dictionary Object


Does a specified key exist?
Return an array of all items
Return an array of all keys
Return the value of an item
Set a key
Return the number of key/item pairs


ASP AdRotator

Display a different image each time a user visits a page


ASP Browser Capabilities

Find the type, capabilities, and version of each browser that visits your site


ASP ContentRotator

Display a different content each time a user visits a page (ASP 3.0)


ASP Content Linking

Build a table of contents
Navigate between pages in a text file


ADO Display


Display records
Display records in an HTML table
Add headers to the HTML table
Add colors to the HTML table



ADO Queries


Display records where "Companyname" starts with an A
Display records where "Companyname" is > E
Display only Spanish customers
Let the user choose filter



ADO Sort


Sort the records on a specified fieldname ascending
Sort the records on a specified fieldname descending
Let the user choose what column to sort on


ADO Recordset Object

GetRows

GetString


 VBScript Functions

    
Date/Time functions
      Conversion functions
      Format functions
    

    
    
Math functions
      Array functions
    

    
    
String functions
      Other functions
    

  
Date/Time Functions

Function Description
  
CDate Converts a valid date and time expression to the variant of 
    subtype Date
  
Date Returns the current system date
  
DateAdd Returns a date to which a specified time interval has been 
    added
  
DateDiff Returns the number of intervals between two dates
  
DatePart Returns the specified part of a given date
  
DateSerial Returns the date for a specified year, 
    month, and day
  
DateValue Returns a date
  
Day Returns a number  that represents the day 
    of the month (between 1 and 31, inclusive)
  
FormatDateTime Returns an expression formatted as a date or time
  
Hour Returns a number that 
    represents the hour of the day (between 0 and 23, inclusive)
  
IsDate Returns a Boolean value that indicates if the evaluated 
    expression can be converted to a date
  
Minute Returns a number that 
    represents the minute of the hour (between 0 and 59, inclusive)
  
Month Returns a number  that 
    represents the month of the year (between 1 and 12, inclusive)
  
MonthName Returns the name of a specified month
  
Now Returns the current system date and time
  
Second Returns a number that 
    represents the second of the minute (between 0 and 59, inclusive)
  
Time Returns the current 
    system time
  
Timer Returns the number of seconds since 12:00 
    AM
  
TimeSerial Returns the time for a 
    specific hour, minute, and second
  
TimeValue Returns a time
  
Weekday Returns a number that represents the day of the week 
    (between 1 and 7, inclusive)
  
WeekdayName Returns the weekday name of a specified day of the week
  
Year Returns a number that represents the year
  



Conversion Functions

Function Description
  
Asc Converts the first letter in a string to ANSI code
  
CBool Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Boolean
  
CByte Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Byte
  
CCur Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Currency
  
CDate Converts a valid date and time expression to the variant of 
    subtype Date
  
CDbl Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Double
  
Chr Converts the specified ANSI code to a character
  
CInt Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Integer
  
CLng Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Long
  
CSng Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Single
  
CStr Converts an expression to a variant of subtype String
  
Hex Returns the hexadecimal value of a specified number
  
Oct Returns the octal value of a specified number
  

Format Functions

Function Description
  
FormatCurrency Returns an expression formatted as a currency value
  
FormatDateTime Returns an expression formatted as a date or time
  
FormatNumber Returns an expression formatted as a number
  
FormatPercent Returns an expression formatted as a percentage
  

Math Functions

Function Description
  
Abs Returns the absolute value of a specified number
  
Atn Returns the arctangent of a specified number
  
Cos Returns the cosine of a specified number (angle)
  
Exp Returns e raised to 
    a power
  
Hex Returns the hexadecimal value of a 
    specified number
  
Int Returns the integer part of a specified number
  
Fix Returns the integer part of a specified number
  
Log Returns the natural logarithm of a specified number
  
Oct Returns the octal value of a specified number
  
Rnd Returns a random number less than 1 but greater or equal to 
    0
  
Sgn Returns an integer that indicates the sign of a specified number
  
Sin Returns the sine of a specified number (angle)
  
Sqr Returns the square root of a specified number
  
Tan Returns the tangent of a specified number (angle)
  

Array Functions

Function Description
  
Array Returns a variant containing an array
  
Filter Returns a zero-based array that contains a subset 
    of a string array based on a filter criteria
  
IsArray Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a 
    specified variable is an array
  
Join Returns a string that consists of a number of substrings 
    in an array
  
LBound Returns the smallest subscript for 
    the indicated dimension of an array
  
Split Returns a zero-based, one-dimensional array that contains a 
    specified number of substrings
  
UBound Returns the largest subscript for the 
    indicated dimension of an array
  

String Functions

Function Description
  
InStr Returns the position of the first occurrence of 
    one string within another. The search begins at the first character of the 
    string
  
InStrRev Returns the position of the first occurrence of one string 
    within another. The search begins at the last character of the string
  
LCase Converts a specified string to lowercase
  
Left Returns a specified number of characters from 
    the left side of a string
  
Len Returns the number of characters in a string
  
LTrim Removes spaces on the left side of a string
  
RTrim Removes spaces on the right side of a string
  
Trim Removes spaces on both the left and the right side of a 
    string
  
Mid Returns a specified number of characters from a 
    string
  
Replace Replaces a specified part of a string with another string a 
    specified number of times
  
Right Returns a specified number of characters from 
    the right side of a string
  
Space Returns a string that consists of a specified number of 
    spaces
  
StrComp Compares two strings and returns a value that represents 
    the result of the comparison
  
String Returns a string that contains a repeating character of a 
    specified length
  
StrReverse Reverses a string
  
UCase Converts a specified string to uppercase
  

Other Functions

Function Description
  
CreateObject Creates an object of a specified type
  
Eval Evaluates an expression and returns the result
  
IsEmpty Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a 
    specified variable has been initialized or not
  
IsNull Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether 
    a specified expression contains no valid data (Null)
  
IsNumeric Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified 
    expression can be evaluated as a number
  
IsObject Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the 
    specified expression is an automation object
  
RGB Returns a number that represents an RGB 
    color value
  
Round Rounds a number
  
ScriptEngine Returns the scripting 
    language in use
  
ScriptEngineBuildVersion Returns the build version number of the 
    scripting engine in use
  
ScriptEngineMajorVersion Returns the major version number of the 
    scripting engine in use
  
ScriptEngineMinorVersion Returns the minor version number of the 
    scripting engine in use
  
TypeName Returns the subtype 
    of a specified variable
  
VarType Returns a value that indicates the subtype of a specified 
    variable
  



 id="mypagediv2" style="position:relative;text-align:center;">



 VBScript Keywords

Keyword Description
  
Empty 
    Used to indicate an uninitialized variable value. A 
    variable value is uninitialized when it is first created and no value is 
    assigned to it, or when a variable value is explicitly set to empty.

    Example:

    Dim x   
    'the variable x is uninitialized!

    x="ff"   'the variable x is NOT uninitialized anymore

    x=Empty   'the variable x is uninitialized!

    Note: This is not the same as Null!!


  
IsEmpty 
Used to test if a variable is uninitialized.

    Example: If (IsEmpty(x)) 'is x uninitialized?


  
Nothing Used to indicate an uninitialized object value, or to 
    disassociate an object variable from an object to release system resources.Example: 
    Set myObject=Nothing


  
Is Nothing Used to test if a value is an initialized object.
    Example: If (myObject Is Nothing) 'is it unset?

    Note: If you compare a value to Nothing, you will not get the 
    right result! Example: If (myObject = Nothing) 'always false!


  
Null Used to indicate that a variable contains no valid data.
    One way to think of Null is that someone has explicitly set the value to 
    "invalid", unlike Empty where the value is "not set".

    Note: This is not the same as Empty or Nothing!!

    Example: x=Null 'x contains no valid data


  
IsNull Used to test if a value contains invalid data.
    Example: if (IsNull(x)) 'is x invalid?


  
True Used to indicate a Boolean condition that is correct
  
False Used to indicate a Boolean condition that is not correct (False has a value of 0)
  



 id="mypagediv2" style="position:relative;text-align:center;">



 ASP Response Object

More Examples

Write text with ASP

How to write text with ASP.



Format text with HTML tags in ASP

How to combine text and HTML tags with ASP.



Redirect the user to a different URL

How to redirect the user to a different URL.



Show a random link

How to create a random link.


Controlling the buffer

How to control the buffer.



Clear the buffer

How to clear the buffer.



End a script in the middle of processing and return the result

How to end a script in the middle of processing.



Set how many minutes a page will be cached in a browser before it expires

How to specify how many minutes a page will be cached
in a browser before it expires.



Set a date/time when a page cached in a browser will expire

How to specify a date/time a page cached in a browser
will expire.



Check if the user is still connected to the server

How to check if a user is disconnected from the server.



Set the type of content

How to specify the type of content.



Set the name of the character set

How to specify the name of the character set.




Response Object
The ASP Response object is used to send output to the user from the server. Its
collections, properties, and methods are described below:


Collections

Collection Description
  
Cookies Sets a cookie value. If the cookie does not exist, it will be created,
      and take the value that is specified
  

Properties

Property Description
  
Buffer Specifies whether to buffer the page output or not
  
CacheControl Sets whether a proxy server can cache the output generated
      by ASP or not
  
Charset Appends the name of a character-set to the content-type
      header in the Response object
  
ContentType Sets the HTTP content type for the Response object
  
Expires Sets how long (in minutes) a page will be cached on a browser before it
      expires
  
ExpiresAbsolute Sets a date and time when a page cached on a browser will
      expire
  
IsClientConnected Indicates if the client has disconnected from the server
  
Pics Appends a value to the PICS label response header
  
Status Specifies the value of the status line returned by the
      server
  

Methods

Method Description
  
AddHeader Adds a new HTTP header and a value to the HTTP response
  
AppendToLog Adds a string to the end of the server log entry
  
BinaryWrite Writes data directly to the output without any character conversion
  
Clear Clears any buffered HTML output
  
End Stops processing a script, and returns the current result
  
Flush Sends buffered HTML output immediately
  
Redirect Redirects the user to a different URL
  
Write Writes a specified string to the output
  


 ASP Request Object


QueryString Collection Examples


Send query information when a user clicks on a link

How to send query information to a page within a link, and retrieve that information on the
destination page (which is, in this example, the same page).


A QueryString collection in its simplest use

Use the QueryString collection to retrieve the values from a form (the form uses 
the get method - the information sent is visible to everybody).


How to use information from forms

How to use the values retrieved from a form.


More information from a form

What the QueryString collection contains if several input
fields have equal names. It also shows how to use the Count keyword to count the 
"name" property.



Form Collection Examples


A form collection in its simplest use

How the Form collection retrieves the values from a form (the form uses the post
method - the information sent is invisible to others).


How to use information from forms

How to use the values retrieved from a form.


More information from a form

What the Form collection contains if several
input fields have equal names. It also shows how to use the Count keyword to 
count the "name" property.


A form with radio buttons

How to interact with the user through radio buttons.


A form with checkboxes

How to interact with the user through checkboxes.



Other Examples


Get the server variables

How to get the visitor's browser type, IP address, and more. 


Create a welcome cookie

How to create a Welcome Cookie.


Find the total number of bytes the user sent

How to find
the total number of bytes the user sent in the Request object.



Request Object
When a browser asks for a page from a server, it is called a request. The Request 
object is used to get information from a visitor.
Its collections, properties, and methods are described below:


Collections

Collection Description
  
ClientCertificate Contains all the field values stored in the client certificate
  
Cookies Contains all the cookie values sent in a HTTP request
  
Form Contains all the form (input) values from a form that uses the post
      method
  
QueryString Contains all the variable values in a HTTP query string
  
ServerVariables Contains all the server variable values
  

Properties

Property Description
  
TotalBytes Returns the total number of bytes the client sent in the
      body of the request
  

Methods

Method Description
  
BinaryRead Retrieves the data sent to the server from the client as part of a
      post request and stores it in a safe array
  


 ASP Application Object
is called an application.
The Application object is used to tie these files together.



Application Object

An application on the Web may consists of several ASP files that work together to perform some purpose.
The Application object is used to tie these files together.

The Application object is used to store and access variables from any page, just like the Session object. The difference
is that ALL users share ONE Application object (with Sessions there is ONE Session object for EACH user).

The Application object holds information that will be used by many pages in the application (like database connection information).
The information can be accessed from any page. The information can also be changed in one place, and the changes will automatically be reflected
on all pages.


The Application object's collections, methods, and events are described 
below:


Collections

Collection Description
  
Contents Contains all the items appended to the application
      through a script command
  
StaticObjects Contains all the objects appended to the application with the HTML <object> tag
  

Methods

Method Description
  
Contents.Remove Deletes an item from the Contents collection
  
Contents.RemoveAll() Deletes all items from the Contents collection
  
Lock Prevents other users from modifying the variables in the
      Application object
  
Unlock Enables other users to modify the variables in the Application object
      (after it has been locked using the Lock method)
  

Events

Event Description
  
Application_OnEnd Occurs when all user sessions are over, and the application ends
  
Application_OnStart Occurs before the first new session is created (when the Application object is first referenced)
  


 ASP Session Object

More Examples
Set and return the LCID

Set or return an integer that specifies a location or region. Contents like date,
time, and currency will be displayed according to that location or region.

Return the SessionID

Return
a unique id for each user. The id is generated by the server.

A session's timeout

Set and return the timeout (in minutes) of a session.


Session Object
When you are working with an application on your computer, you open it, do some changes and then
you close it. This is much like a Session. The computer knows who you are. It
knows when you open the application and when you close it. However, on the internet there is one
problem: the web server does not know who you are and what you do, because the HTTP address doesn't maintain state. 


ASP solves this problem by creating a unique cookie for each user. The cookie
is sent to the user's computer and it contains information that identifies the user. This
interface is called the Session object. 


The Session object stores information about, or change settings for a user session.

Variables stored in a Session object hold information about one single user, and are available to all pages in one application. Common information
stored in session variables are name, id, and preferences. The server creates a new Session object for each new user, and destroys the Session object when the session expires. 

The Session object's collections, properties, methods, and events are 
described below:


Collections

Collection Description
  
Contents Contains all the items appended to the session through a script command
  
StaticObjects Contains all the objects appended to the session with the HTML
      <object> tag
  



Properties

Property Description
  
CodePage Specifies the character set that will be used when 
    displaying dynamic content
  
LCID Sets or returns an integer that specifies a location or
      region. Contents like date, time, and currency will be displayed according
      to that location or region
  
SessionID Returns a unique id for each user. The unique id is
      generated by the server
  
Timeout Sets or returns the timeout period (in minutes) for the
      Session object in this application
  

Methods

Method Description
  
Abandon Destroys a user session
  
Contents.Remove Deletes an item from the Contents collection
  
Contents.RemoveAll() Deletes all items from the Contents collection
  

Events

Event Description
  
Session_OnEnd Occurs when a session ends
  
Session_OnStart Occurs when a session starts 
  


      
        
        
        
          


      
 ASP Server Object

More Examples
When was a file last modified?

Check when a file was last modified.


Open a text file for reading

Open "Textfile.txt" for reading.


Homemade hit counter


Server Object
The ASP Server object is used to access properties and methods on the server. Its properties and methods are described below:


Properties

Property Description
  
ScriptTimeout Sets or returns the maximum number of seconds a script can run before it is
      terminated
  

Methods

Method Description
  
CreateObject Creates an instance of an object
  
Execute Executes an ASP file from inside another ASP file
  
GetLastError() Returns an ASPError object that describes the error condition that
      occurred
  
HTMLEncode Applies HTML encoding to a specified string
  
MapPath Maps a specified path to a physical path
  
Transfer Sends (transfers) all the information created in one ASP file to a second
      ASP file
  
URLEncode Applies URL encoding rules to a specified string
  


 ASP ASPError Object

The ASPError Object
The ASPError object was implemented in ASP 3.0 and is available in IIS5 and later.

The ASPError object is used to display detailed information of any error that occurs
in scripts in an ASP page.

Note: The ASPError object is created when Server.GetLastError is
called, so the error information can only be accessed by using the Server.GetLastError method.

The ASPError object's properties are described below (all properties are read-only):


Properties

Property Description
  
ASPCode Returns an error code generated by IIS
  
ASPDescription Returns a detailed description of the error (if the error is ASP-related)
  
Category Returns the source of the error (was the error generated by ASP? By a scripting language? By an object?)
  
Column Returns the column position within the file that generated the error
  
Description Returns a short description of the error
  
File Returns the name of the ASP file that generated the error
  
Line Returns the line number where the error was detected
  
Number Returns the standard COM error code for the error
  
Source Returns the actual source code of the line where the error occurred
  


 ASP FileSystemObject Object
a server.


More Examples
Does a specified file exist?

How to check if a file exists.


Does a specified folder exist?

How to check if a folder exists.


Does a specified drive exist?

How to check if a drive exists.


Get the name of a specified drive

How to get the name of a specified drive.


Get the name of the parent folder of a specified path

How to get the name of the parent folder of a specified path.


Get file name

How to get the file name of the last component in a specified path.


Get the file extension

How to get the file extension of the last component in a specified path.


Get the base name of a file or folder

How to get the base name of a file or folder, in a specified path.


The FileSystemObject Object

The FileSystemObject object is used to access the file system on a server.

This object can manipulate files, folders, and directory paths. It is also
possible to retrieve file system information with this object.


The following code creates a text file (c:\test.txt) and then writes some text to
the file:


<%

dim fs,fname

set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

set fname=fs.CreateTextFile("c:\test.txt",true)

fname.WriteLine("Hello World!")

fname.Close

set fname=nothing

set fs=nothing

%>




The FileSystemObject object's properties and methods are described below:

Properties

Property Description
  
Drives Returns a collection of all Drive objects on the computer
  

Methods


Method Description
  
BuildPath Appends a name to an existing path
  
CopyFile Copies one or more files from one location to another
  
CopyFolder Copies one or more folders from one location to another
  
CreateFolder Creates a new folder
  
CreateTextFile Creates a text file and returns a TextStream object that
      can be used to read from, or write to the file
  
DeleteFile Deletes one or more specified files
  
DeleteFolder Deletes one or more specified folders
  
DriveExists Checks if a specified drive exists
  
FileExists Checks if a specified file exists
  
FolderExists Checks if a specified folder exists
  
GetAbsolutePathName Returns the complete path from the root of the drive for
      the specified path
  
GetBaseName Returns the base name of a specified file or folder
  
GetDrive Returns a Drive object corresponding to the drive in a specified
      path
  
GetDriveName Returns the drive name of a specified path
  
GetExtensionName Returns the file extension name for the last component in a
      specified path
  
GetFile Returns a File object for a specified path
  
GetFileName Returns the file name or folder name for the last component in a
      specified path
  
GetFolder Returns a Folder object for a specified path
  
GetParentFolderName Returns the name of the parent folder of the last component in
      a specified path
  
GetSpecialFolder Returns the path to some of Windows' special folders
  
GetTempName Returns a randomly generated temporary file or folder
  
MoveFile Moves one or more files from one location to another
  
MoveFolder Moves one or more folders from one location to another
  
OpenTextFile Opens a file and returns a TextStream object that can be used to access the
      file
  


 ASP TextStream Object

More Examples
Read textfile

How to 
read from a text file.


Read only a part of a textfile

How to only read a part of a TextStream file.


Read one line of a textfile

How to read one line from a TextStream file.


Read all lines from a textfile

How to read all the lines from a TextStream file.


Skip a part of a textfile

How to skip a specified number of characters when reading the TextStream file.


Skip a line of a textfile

How to skip a line when reading the TextStream file.


Return line-number

How to return the current line number in a TextStream file.


Get column number

How to get the column number of the current character in a file.


The TextStream Object
The TextStream object is used to access the contents of text files.

The following code creates a text file (c:\test.txt) and then writes some text
to the file (the variable f is an instance of the TextStream object):



<%

dim fs,f

set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

set f=fs.CreateTextFile("c:\test.txt",true)

f.WriteLine("Hello World!")

f.Close

set f=nothing

set fs=nothing

%>

To create an instance of the TextStream object you can use the CreateTextFile or OpenTextFile methods of the FileSystemObject object,
or you can use the OpenAsTextStream method of the File object.

The TextStream object's properties and methods are described below:

Properties

Property Description
  
AtEndOfLine Returns true if the file pointer is positioned immediately
      before the end-of-line marker in a TextStream file, and false if not
  
AtEndOfStream Returns true if the file pointer is at the end of a
      TextStream file, and false if not
  
Column Returns the column number of the current character position
      in an input stream
  
Line Returns the current line number in a TextStream file
  

Methods


Method Description
  
Close Closes an open TextStream file
  
Read Reads a specified number of characters from a TextStream
      file and returns the result
  
ReadAll Reads an entire TextStream file and returns the result
  
ReadLine Reads one line from a TextStream file and returns the result
  
Skip Skips a specified number of characters when reading a TextStream file
  
SkipLine Skips the next line when reading a TextStream file
  
Write Writes a specified text to a TextStream file
  
WriteLine Writes a specified text and a new-line character to a TextStream file
  
WriteBlankLines Writes a specified number of new-line character to a TextStream file
  


 ASP Drive Object

More Examples
Get the total size of a specified drive

How to get the total size of a specified drive.


Get the available space of a specified drive

How to get the available space of a specified drive.


Get the free space of a specified drive

How to get the free space of a specified drive.


Get the drive letter of a specified drive

How to get the drive letter of a specified drive.


Get the drive type of a specified drive

How to get the drive type of a specified drive.


Get the file system of a specified drive

How to get the file system of a specified drive.


Is the drive ready?

How to check whether a specified drive is ready.


Get the path of a specified drive

How to get the path of a specified drive.


Get the root folder of a specified drive

How to get the root folder of a specified drive.


Get the serialnumber of a specified drive

How to get the serialnumber of a specified drive.



The Drive Object

The Drive object is used to return information about a local disk drive or a network share.
The Drive object can return information about a drive's type of file system, free space,
serial number, volume name, and more.


Note: You cannot return information about a drive's content with the
Drive object. For this purpose you will have to use the Folder object.


To work with the properties of the Drive object, you will have to create an 
instance of the Drive object through the FileSystemObject
object. First; create a FileSystemObject object and then instantiate the Drive object 
through the GetDrive method or
the Drives property of the FileSystemObject object.


The Drive object's properties are described below:


Properties

Property Description
  
AvailableSpace Returns the amount of available space to a user on a
      specified drive or network share
  
DriveLetter Returns one uppercase letter that identifies the local
      drive or a network share
  
DriveType Returns the type of a specified drive
  
FileSystem Returns the file system in use for a specified drive
  
FreeSpace Returns the amount of free space to a user on a
      specified drive or network share
  
IsReady Returns true if the specified drive is ready and false if
      not
  
Path Returns an uppercase letter followed by a colon that
      indicates the path name for a specified drive
  
RootFolder Returns a Folder object that represents the root folder of a specified
      drive
  
SerialNumber Returns the serial number of a specified drive
  
ShareName Returns the network share name for a specified drive
  
TotalSize Returns the total size of a specified drive or network
      share
  
VolumeName Sets or returns the volume name of a specified drive
  


 ASP File Object

More Examples
When was the file last modified?

How to get the date and time a specified file was last modified.


When was the file last accessed?

How to get the date and time a specified file was last accessed.


Return the attributes of a specified file

How to return the attributes of a specified file.


The File Object
The File object is used to return information about a specified file.

To work with the properties and methods of the File object, you will have to 
create an instance of
the File object through the FileSystemObject object. First; create a FileSystemObject
object and then instantiate the File object through the GetFile method of the
FileSystemObject object or through the Files property of the Folder object.

The following code uses the GetFile method of the FileSystemObject object to
instantiate the File object and the DateCreated property to return the date when
the specified file was created:

Example
<%

Dim fs,f

Set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

Set f=fs.GetFile("c:\test.txt")

Response.Write("File created: " & f.DateCreated)

set f=nothing

set fs=nothing

%>
Show Example 



The File object's properties and methods are described below:


Properties

Property Description
  
Attributes Sets or returns the attributes of a specified file
  
DateCreated Returns the date and time when a specified file was created
  
DateLastAccessed Returns the date and time when a specified file was last accessed
  
DateLastModified Returns the date and time when a specified file was last modified
  
Drive Returns the drive letter of the drive where a specified 
    file or folder resides
  
Name Sets or returns the name of a specified file
  
ParentFolder Returns the folder object for the parent of the specified 
    file
  
Path Returns the path for a specified file
  
ShortName Returns the short name of a specified file (the 8.3 naming convention)
  
ShortPath Returns the short path of a specified file (the 8.3 naming convention)
  
Size Returns the size, in bytes, of a specified file
  
Type Returns the type of a specified file
  

Methods


Method Description
  
Copy Copies a specified file from one location to another
  
Delete Deletes a specified file
  
Move Moves a specified file from one location to another
  

OpenAsTextStream Opens a specified file and returns a TextStream object to access
      the file
  


 ASP Folder Object

The Folder Object
The Folder object is used to return information about a specified folder.

To work with the properties and methods of the Folder object, you will have to 
create an instance of the Folder object through the FileSystemObject object. First; create a FileSystemObject
object and then instantiate the Folder object through the GetFolder method of the FileSystemObject object.

The following code uses the GetFolder method of the FileSystemObject object to instantiate the Folder object
and the DateCreated property to return the date when the specified folder was created:



<%

Dim fs,fo

Set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

Set fo=fs.GetFolder("c:\test")

Response.Write("Folder created: " & fo.DateCreated)

set fo=nothing

set fs=nothing

%>


Output:


Folder created: 10/22/2008 10:01:19 AM
The Folder object's collections, properties, and methods are described below: 


Collections

Collection Description
  
Files Returns a collection of all the files in a
      specified folder
  
SubFolders Returns a collection of all subfolders in a specified folder
  



Properties

Property Description
  
Attributes Sets or returns the attributes of a specified folder
  
DateCreated Returns the date and time when a specified folder was created
  
DateLastAccessed Returns the date and time when a specified folder was last accessed
  
DateLastModified Returns the date and time when a specified folder was last modified
  
Drive Returns the drive letter of the drive where the specified 
    folder resides
  
IsRootFolder Returns true if a folder is the root
      folder and false if not
  
Name Sets or returns the name of a specified folder
  
ParentFolder Returns the parent folder of a specified folder
  
Path Returns the path for a specified folder
  
ShortName Returns the short name of a specified folder (the 8.3 naming convention)
  
ShortPath Returns the short path of a specified folder (the 8.3 naming convention)
  
Size Returns the size of a specified folder
  
Type Returns the type of a specified folder
  

Methods


Method Description
  
Copy Copies a specified folder from one location to another
  
Delete Deletes a specified folder
  
Move Moves a specified folder from one location to another
  
CreateTextFile Creates a new text file in the specified folder and returns a TextStream object to
      access the
      file
  


 ASP Dictionary Object

More Examples
Does a specified key exist?

How to create a Dictionary object, and then use the Exists method to check if a specified key exists.


Return an array of all items

How to use the Items method to return an array of all the items.


Return an array of all keys

How to use the Keys method to return an array of all the keys.


Return the value of an item

How to use the Item property to return the value of an item.


Set a key

How to use the Key property to set a key in a Dictionary object.


Return the number of key/item pairs

How to use the Count property to return the number of key/item pairs.


The Dictionary Object
The Dictionary object is used to store information in name/value pairs 
(referred to as key and item). The Dictionary object might seem similar to 
Arrays, however, the Dictionary object is a more desirable solution to 
manipulate related data.


Comparing Dictionaries and Arrays:



Keys are used to identify the items in a Dictionary object
  You do not have to call ReDim to change the size of the Dictionary object
  When deleting an item from a Dictionary, the remaining items will   automatically shift up
  Dictionaries cannot be multidimensional, Arrays can
  Dictionaries have more built-in functions than Arrays
  Dictionaries work better than arrays on accessing random elements frequently
  Dictionaries work better than arrays on locating items by their content

The following example creates a Dictionary object, adds some key/item 
pairs to it, and retrieves the item value for the key gr:



<%

Dim d

Set d=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")

d.Add "re","Red"

d.Add "gr","Green"

d.Add "bl","Blue"

d.Add "pi","Pink"

Response.Write("The value of key gr is: " & d.Item("gr"))

%>


Output:


The value of key gr is: Green

The Dictionary object's properties and methods are described below: 


Properties

Property Description
  
CompareMode Sets or returns the comparison mode for comparing keys in a Dictionary 
    object
  
Count Returns the number of key/item pairs in a Dictionary object
  
Item Sets or returns the value of an item in a Dictionary object
  
Key Sets a new key value for an existing key value in a 
    Dictionary object
  

Methods

Method Description
  
Add Adds a new key/item pair to a Dictionary object
  
Exists Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified key exists in 
    the Dictionary object
  
Items Returns an array of all the items in a Dictionary
      object
  
Keys Returns an array of all the keys in a Dictionary
      object
  
Remove Removes one specified key/item pair from the Dictionary 
    object
  
RemoveAll Removes all the key/item pairs in the Dictionary object
  


 ASP AdRotator Component
The ASP AdRotator component creates an AdRotator object that displays a different image each time a user enters or refreshes a page. A
text file includes information about the images.

Note: The AdRotator does not work with Internet Information Server 7 (IIS7).


Syntax

<%

set adrotator=server.createobject("MSWC.AdRotator")

adrotator.GetAdvertisement("textfile.txt")

%>
ASP AdRotator Example
Assume that we have the following text file, named "ads.txt":

REDIRECT banners.asp

*

w3s.gif

https://www.w3schools.com

Free Tutorials from W3Schools

50

xmlspy.gif

https://www.altova.com

XML Editor from Altova

50

The lines below the asterisk in the text file above specifies the name of the images (ads) to be displayed, the
hyperlink addresses, the alternate text (for the images), and the display rates (in percent).

The first line in the text file above specifies what to happen when a visitor clicks on one of the images.
The redirection page (banners.asp) will receive a querystring with the URL to redirect to.

Tip: To specify the height, width, and border of the image, you can insert the following lines under REDIRECT:


      REDIRECT banners.asp

      WIDTH 468 

      HEIGHT 60 

      BORDER 0 

      *

      w3s.gif

      ...

The "banners.asp" file looks like this:

Example
<%

url=Request.QueryString("url")

If url<>"" then Response.Redirect(url)

%>


    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>

<%

set adrotator=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.AdRotator")

response.write(adrotator.GetAdvertisement("textfile.txt"))

%>

</body>

</html>


Show Example 

That's all!!



ASP AdRotator Properties


Property
    Description Example
  
Border Specifies the size of the borders around the advertisement <%

    set adrot=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.AdRotator")

    adrot.Border="2"

    Response.Write(adrot.GetAdvertisement("ads.txt"))

    %>
  
Clickable Specifies whether the advertisement is a hyperlink <%

    set adrot=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.AdRotator")

    adrot.Clickable=false

    Response.Write(adrot.GetAdvertisement("ads.txt"))

    %>
  
TargetFrame Name of the frame to display the advertisement <%

    set adrot=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.AdRotator")

    adrot.TargetFrame="target='_blank'"

    Response.Write(adrot.GetAdvertisement("ads.txt"))

    %>
  

ASP AdRotator Methods


Method
    Description Example
  
GetAdvertisement Returns HTML that displays the advertisement in the page <%

    set adrot=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.AdRotator")

    Response.Write(adrot.GetAdvertisement("ads.txt"))

    %>
  


 ASP Browser Capabilities Component
The ASP Browser Capabilities component creates a BrowserType object that determines the type, capabilities and version number of a visitor's browser.

When a browser connects to a server, a User Agent header is also sent to the server. This header contains information about the browser.

The BrowserType object compares the information in the header with information in a file on the server called "Browscap.ini".

If there is a match between the browser type and version number in the header and the information in the "Browscap.ini" file, the BrowserType object 
can be used to list the properties of the matching browser. If there is no match for the browser type and version number in the Browscap.ini file, it 
will set every property to "UNKNOWN".


Syntax

<%

Set MyBrow=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.BrowserType")

%>
ASP Browser Capabilities Example
The example below creates a BrowserType object in an ASP file, and displays  
some of the capabilities of your browser:


Example
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>

<%

Set MyBrow=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.BrowserType")

%>


<table border="0" width="100%">

<tr>

<th>Client OS</th><th><%=MyBrow.platform%></th>

</tr><tr>

<td >Web Browser</td><td ><%=MyBrow.browser%></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>Browser version</td><td><%=MyBrow.version%></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>Frame support?</td><td><%=MyBrow.frames%></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>Table support?</td><td><%=MyBrow.tables%></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>Sound support?</td><td><%=MyBrow.backgroundsounds%></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>Cookies support?</td><td><%=MyBrow.cookies%></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>VBScript support?</td><td><%=MyBrow.vbscript%></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>JavaScript support?</td><td><%=MyBrow.javascript%></td>

</tr>

</table>


</body>

</html>

Output:


    

Client OS
        WinNT
      
Web Browser IE
      
Browser version 5.0
      
Frame support? True
      
Table support? True
      
Sound support? True
      
Cookies support? True
      
VBScript support? True
      
JavaScript support? True
      



Show Example 





The Browscap.ini File
The "Browscap.ini" file is used to declare properties and to set default values for browsers.

This section is not a tutorial on how to maintain "Browscap.ini" files, it only shows you the basics;
so you get an idea what the file is all about.

The "Browscap.ini" file can contain the following:



[;comments]

[HTTPUserAgentHeader]

[parent=browserDefinition]

[property1=value1]

[propertyN=valueN]

[Default Browser Capability Settings]

[defaultProperty1=defaultValue1]

[defaultPropertyN=defaultValueN]

Parameter Description
  
comments Optional. Any line that starts with a semicolon are ignored by the BrowserType object
  
HTTPUserAgentHeader Optional. Specifies the HTTP User Agent header to associate with the 
    browser-property value statements specified in propertyN. Wildcard characters are allowed
  
browserDefinition Optional. Specifies the HTTP User Agent header-string of a browser to 
    use as the parent browser. The current browser's definition will inherit all 
    of the property values declared in the parent browser's definition
  
propertyN Optional. Specifies the browser properties. The following table lists some possible properties:
ActiveXControls - Support ActiveX controls?
      Backgroundsounds - Support background sounds?
      Cdf - Support Channel Definition Format for Webcasting?
      Tables - Support tables?
      Cookies - Support cookies?
      Frames - Support frames?
      Javaapplets - Support Java applets?
      Javascript - Supports JScript?
      Vbscript - Supports VBScript?
      Browser - Specifies the name of the browser
      Beta - Is the browser beta software?
      Platform - Specifies the platform that the browser runs on
      Version - Specifies the version number of the browser
    

  
valueN Optional. Specifies the value of propertyN. Can be a string, an integer (prefix with #), or a Boolean value
  
defaultPropertyN Optional. Specifies the name of the browser property to 
    which to assign a default value if none of the defined HTTPUserAgentHeader 
    values match the HTTP User Agent header sent by the browser
  
defaultValueN Optional. Specifies the value of defaultPropertyN. Can be a string, an integer (prefix with #), or a Boolean value
  

A "Browscap.ini" file might look something like this:



;IE 5.0

[IE 5.0]

browser=IE

Version=5.0

majorver=#5

minorver=#0

frames=TRUE

tables=TRUE

cookies=TRUE

backgroundsounds=TRUE

vbscript=TRUE

javascript=TRUE

javaapplets=TRUE

ActiveXControls=TRUE

beta=False


;DEFAULT BROWSER

[*]

browser=Default

frames=FALSE

tables=TRUE

cookies=FALSE

backgroundsounds=FALSE

vbscript=FALSE

javascript=FALSE
 ASP Content Linking Component
The Content Linking Component

Build a table of contents.


The Content Linking Component 2

Use the Content Linking Component to navigate between the pages in a text file.


ASP Content Linking Component
The ASP Content Linking component is used to create a quick and easy navigation system!

The Content Linking component returns a Nextlink object that is used to hold a list of Web pages to be navigated.


Syntax
<%

Set nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink")

%>

ASP Content Linking Example
First we create a text file - "links.txt":


asp_intro.asp    ASP Intro

asp_syntax.asp    ASP Syntax

asp_variables.asp    ASP Variables

asp_procedures.asp    ASP Procedures

The text file above contains the pages to be navigated. The pages must be listed in the same order you want them to be 
displayed, and it must also contain a description for each file name (use the tab key to separate file name from description).

Note: If you want to add a page, or change the order of the pages in the list; you only have to 
modify the text file! The navigation will automatically be corrected!

Then we create an include file, "nlcode.inc". The .inc file creates 
a NextLink object to navigate between the pages listed in "links.txt".

"nlcode.inc":



<%

dim nl

Set nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink")

if (nl.GetListIndex("links.txt")>1) then

   
  Response.Write("<a href='" & nl.GetPreviousURL("links.txt"))

   
  Response.Write("'>Previous Page</a>")

end if

Response.Write("<a href='" & nl.GetNextURL("links.txt"))

Response.Write("'>Next Page</a>")

%>
In each of the .asp pages listed in the text file "links.txt", put one line of code: 
<!-- #include file="nlcode.inc"-->. This line will include the code in
"nlcode.inc" on every page listed in "links.txt" and the navigation will work.



ASP Content Linking Component's Methods

Method Description
    Example
  
GetListCount  Returns the number of items listed in the Content Linking List file  <%

    dim nl,c

    Set nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink") 

    c=nl.GetListCount("links.txt") 

    Response.Write("There are ")

    Response.Write(c)

    Response.Write(" items in the list")

    %>Output:

    There are 4 items in the list


  
GetListIndex  Returns the index number of the current item in the Content Linking 
    List file. The index number of the first item is 1. 0 is returned if the 
    current page is not in the Content Linking List file  <%

    dim nl,c

    Set nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink") 

    c=nl.GetListIndex("links.txt") 

    Response.Write("Item number ")

    Response.Write(c)

    %>Output:

    Item number 3


  
GetNextDescription  Returns the text description of the next item listed in the Content 
    Linking List file. If the current page is not found in the list file it 
    returns the text description of the last page on the list  <%

    dim nl,c

    Set nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink") 

    c=nl.GetNextDescription("links.txt") 

    Response.Write("Next ")

    Response.Write("description is: ")

    Response.Write(c)

    %>Next description is: ASP Variables


  
GetNextURL Returns the URL of the next item listed in the Content Linking List 
    file. If the current page is not found in the list file it returns the URL 
    of the last page on the list <%

    dim nl,c

    Set nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink") 

    c=nl.GetNextURL("links.txt") 

    Response.Write("Next ")

    Response.Write("URL is: ")

    Response.Write(c)

    %>Next URL is: asp_variables.asp


  
GetNthDescription  Returns the description of the Nth page listed in the Content Linking 
    List file  <%

    dim nl,c

    Set nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink") 

    c=nl.GetNthDescription("links.txt",3) 

    Response.Write("Third ")

    Response.Write("description is: ")

    Response.Write(c)

    %>Third description is: ASP Variables


  
GetNthURL Returns the URL of the Nth page listed in the Content Linking List file <%

    dim nl,c

    Set nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink") 

    c=nl.GetNthURL("links.txt",3) 

    Response.Write("Third ")

    Response.Write("URL is: ")

    Response.Write(c)

    %>Third URL is: asp_variables.asp


  
GetPreviousDescription  Returns the text description of the previous item listed in the Content 
    Linking List file. If the current page is not found in the list file it 
    returns the text description of the first page on the list  <%

    dim nl,c

    Set nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink") 

    c=nl.GetPreviousDescription("links.txt") 

    Response.Write("Previous ")

    Response.Write("description is: ")

    Response.Write(c)

    %>Previous description is: ASP Variables


  
GetPreviousURL  Returns the URL of the previous item listed in the Content Linking List 
    file. If the current page is not found in the list file it returns the URL 
    of the first page on the list  <%

    dim nl,c

    Set nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink") 

    c=nl.GetPreviousURL("links.txt") 

    Response.Write("Previous ")

    Response.Write("URL is: ")

    Response.Write(c)

    %>Previous URL is: asp_variables.asp


  


 ASP Content Rotator Component (ASP 3.0)
The ASP Content Rotator component creates a ContentRotator object that displays a
different content string each time a visitor enters or refreshes a page.

A
text file, called the Content Schedule File, includes the information about the content strings.

The content strings can contain HTML tags so you can display any type 
of content that HTML can represent: text, images, colors, or hyperlinks.


Syntax


<%

Set cr=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.ContentRotator")

%>
ASP Content Rotator Example

The following example displays a different content each time a visitor views 
the Web page.

First, create a text file named "textads.txt" and place it in a subfolder called 
"text".

"textads.txt":



%% #3 

<h2>This is a great day!!</h2>


%% #3

<img src="smiley.gif">


%% #4

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">Visit W3Schools.com</a>
Notice the #number at the beginning of each content string. This number is 
an optional parameter that indicates the relative weight of the HTML content 
string. In the text file above, the Content Rotator will display the first and 
second content 
string three-tenth of the time, and the third string four-tenths of 
the time.

Then, create an ASP file, and insert the following code:


Example
<html>

<body>

<%

set cr=server.createobject("MSWC.ContentRotator")

response.write(cr.ChooseContent("text/textads.txt"))

%>

</body>

</html>


Show Example 



ASP Content Rotator Component's Methods


Method
    Description
    Example
  
ChooseContent Gets and displays a content string <%

    dim cr

    Set cr=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.ContentRotator") 

      response.write(cr.ChooseContent("text/textads.txt"))

    %>Output:




  
GetAllContent  Retrieves and displays all of the content strings in the text file  <%

    dim cr

    Set cr=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.ContentRotator") 

      response.write(cr.GetAllContent("text/textads.txt"))

    %>
    Output:

    This is a great day!!
    

    Visit W3Schools.com


  


 ASP Quick Reference

Basic Syntax

ASP scripts are surrounded by <% and %>.  To write some 
output to a browser:


<html>

<body>

<%
response.write("Hello World!")
%>

</body>

</html>


The default language in ASP is VBScript. To use another scripting language, 
insert a language specification at the top of the ASP page:


<%@ language="javascript" %>

<html>

<body>


<%

....

%>


Forms and User Input

Request.QueryString is used to collect values in a form with method="get". 
Information sent from a form with the GET method is visible to everyone (it will 
be displayed in the browser's address bar) and has limits on the amount of 
information to send.

Request.Form is used to collect values in a form with method="post". 
Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others and has 
no limits on the amount of information to send.


ASP Cookies

A cookie is often used to identify a user. A cookie is a small file that the 
server embeds on the user's computer. Each time the same computer requests for a 
page with a browser, it will send the cookie too.


The Response.Cookies command is used to create cookies:


<%

Response.Cookies("firstname")="Alex"

Response.Cookies("firstname").Expires="May 10,2002"

%>


Note: The Response.Cookies command must appear BEFORE the <html> tag!


The "Request.Cookies" command is used to retrieve a cookie value:


<%

fname=Request.Cookies("firstname")

response.write("Firstname=" & fname)

%>



Including Files
 You can insert the content of one ASP file into another ASP file before the 
server executes it, with the #include directive. The #include directive is used 
to create functions, headers, footers, or elements that will be reused on 
multiple pages

Syntax:

<!--#include virtual="somefile.inc"-->

or

<!--#include file ="somefile.inc"-->

Use the virtual keyword to indicate a path beginning with a virtual 
directory. If a file named "header.inc" resides in a virtual directory named 
/html, the following line would insert the contents of "header.inc":

<!-- #include virtual ="/html/header.inc" -->

Use the file keyword to indicate a relative path. A relative path begins with 
the directory that contains the including file. If you have a file in the html 
directory, and the file "header.inc" resides in html\headers, the following line 
would insert "header.inc" in your file:

<!-- #include file ="headers\header.inc" -->

Use the file keyword with the syntax (..\) to include a file from a 
higher-level directory.


Global.asa
The Global.asa file is an optional file that can contain declarations of 
objects, variables, and methods that can be accessed by every page in an ASP 
application.

 Note: The Global.asa file must be stored in the
root directory of the ASP application, and each application can only have one
Global.asa file.

The Global.asa file can contain only the following:


Application events 
  Session events 
  <object> declarations  
  TypeLibrary declarations 
  the #include directive

Application and Session Events

In Global.asa you can tell the application and session objects what to do 
when the application/session starts and what to do when the application/session 
ends. The code for this is placed in event handlers. Note: We do not use
<% and %>, to
insert scripts in the Global.asa file, we have to put the subroutines inside the
HTML <script> tag:

<script language="vbscript" runat="server">

 sub Application_OnStart

   ' some code

 end sub

 sub Application_OnEnd

   ' some code

 end sub

 sub Session_OnStart

   ' some code

 end sub

 sub Session_OnEnd

   ' some code

 end sub

 </script>


 <object> Declarations

 It is also possible to create objects with session or application scope in 
 Global.asa by using the <object> tag. Note: The <object> tag should be 
 outside the <script> tag!

 Syntax:

 <object runat="server" scope="scope" id="id"

 {progid="progID"|classid="classID"}>

 .......

 </object>

 TypeLibrary Declarations

 A TypeLibrary is a container for the contents of a DLL file corresponding to 
 a COM object. By including a call to the TypeLibrary in the Global.asa file, 
 the constants of the COM object can be accessed, and errors can be better 
 reported by the ASP code. If your Web application relies on COM objects that 
 have declared data types in type libraries, you can declare the type libraries 
 in Global.asa.

 Syntax:

  <!--METADATA TYPE="TypeLib"

 file="filename"

 uuid="typelibraryuuid"

 version="versionnumber"

 lcid="localeid"

 -->


The Session Object

The Session object is used to store information about, or change settings for 
a user session. Variables stored in the Session object hold information about 
one single user, and are available to all pages in one application.


Collections



Contents - Holds every item added to the session with script commands
  
StaticObjects - Holds every object added to the session with the <object> tag, and a given session
  
Contents.Remove(item/index) - Deletes an item from the Contents collection
  
Contents.RemoveAll() - Deletes every item from the Contents collection

Properties


CodePage - Sets the code page that will be used to display dynamic content
  
LCID - Sets the locale identifier that will be used to display dynamic content
  
SessionID - Returns the session id
  
Timeout - Sets the timeout for the session

Method



Abandon - Kills every object in a session object


Application Object
 A group of ASP files that work together to perform some 
 purpose is called an application. The Application object in ASP is used to tie 
 these files together. All users share one Application object. The Application object
should hold information that will be used by many pages in the application (like
database connection information).

Collections



Contents - Holds every item added to the application with script commands
  
StaticObjects - Holds every object added to the application with the <object>
tag
  
Contents.Remove - Deletes an item from a collection
  Contents.RemoveAll - Deletes every item from a collection

Methods


Lock - Prevents a user from changing the application object properties
  
Unlock - Allows a user to change the application object properties


The Response Object

The Response Object is used to send output to the user from the server.


Collection


Cookies(name) - Sets a cookie value. If the cookie does not exist, it will
    be created, and take the value that is specified

Properties


Buffer - Whether to buffer the output or not. When the output is buffered,
    the server will hold back the response until all of the server scripts have
    been processed, or until the script calls the Flush or End method. If this
    property is set, it should be before the <html> tag in the ASP file
  CacheControl - Sets whether proxy servers can cache the output or not.
    When set to Public, the output can be cached by a proxy server
  Charset(charset_name) - Sets the name of the character set (like
    "ISO8859-1") to the content type header
  ContentType - Sets the HTTP content type (like "text/html",
    "image/gif", "image/jpeg", "text/plain"). Default
    is "text/html"
  Expires - Sets how long a page will be cached on a browser before it
    expires
  ExpiresAbsolute - Sets a date and time when a page cached on a browser
    will expire
  IsClientConnected - Checks if the client is still connected to the server
  Pics(pics_label) - Adds a value to the pics label response header
  Status - Specifies the value of the status line

Methods


AddHeader(name, value) - Adds an HTML header with a specified value
  AppendToLog string - Adds a string to the end of the server log
    entry
  BinaryWrite(data_to_write) - Writes the given information without
    any character-set conversion
  Clear - Clears the buffered output. Use this method to handle errors. If
    Response.Buffer is not set to true, this method will cause a run-time error
  End - Stops processing the script, and return the current result
  Flush - Sends buffered output immediately. If Response.Buffer is not set
    to true, this method will cause a run-time error
  Redirect(url) - Redirects the user to another url
  Write(data_to_write) - Writes a text to the user


Request Object
When a browser asks for a page from a server, it is called a request. The
Request Object is used to get information from the user.

Collection


ClientCertificate - Holds field values stored in the client certificate
  Cookies(name) - Holds cookie values
  Form(element_name) - Holds form (input) values. The form must use
    the post method
  QueryString(variable_name) - Holds variable values in the query
    string
  ServerVariables(server_variable) - Holds server variable values

Property


TotalBytes - Holds the total number of bytes the client is sending in the
    body of the request

Method


BinaryRead - Fetches the data that is sent to the server from the client
    as part of a post request


Server Object
The Server Object is used to access properties and methods on the server.

Property


ScriptTimeout - Sets how long a script can run before it is terminated

Method


CreateObject(type_of_object) - Creates an instance of an object
  Execute(path) - Executes an ASP file from inside another ASP
    file. After executing the called ASP file, the control is
    returned to the original ASP file
  GetLastError() - Returns an ASPError object that will describe the error
    that occurred
  HTMLEncode(string) - Applies HTML encoding to a string
  MapPath(path) - Maps a relative or virtual path to a physical path
  Transfer(path) - Sends all of the state information to another ASP
    file for processing. After the transfer, procedural control is not returned
    to the original ASP file
  URLEncode(string) - Applies URL encoding rules to a string

Source : https://www.w3schools.com/asp/asp_quickref.asp


 ADO Introduction

What you should already know
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the
following:


HTML
  ASP
  SQL

If you want to study these subjects first, go to our Home page


What is ADO?

ADO is a Microsoft technology
  ADO stands for ActiveX Data Objects
  ADO is a Microsoft Active-X component
  ADO is automatically installed with Microsoft IIS
  ADO is a programming interface to access data in a database


Accessing a Database from an ASP Page
The common way to access a database from inside an ASP page is to:


Create an ADO connection to a database
  Open the database connection
  Create an ADO recordset
  Open the recordset
  Extract the data you need from the recordset
  Close the recordset
  Close the connection


 ADO Database Connection
to be established.


Create a DSN-less Database Connection
The easiest way to connect to a database is to use a DSN-less connection. A
DSN-less connection can be used against any Microsoft Access database on your web site.

If you have a database called "northwind.mdb" located in a web
directory like "c:/webdata/",
you can connect to the database with the following ASP code:


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"

%>

Note, from the example above, that you have to specify the Microsoft Access
database driver (Provider) and the physical path to the database on your
computer.


Create an ODBC Database Connection
If you have an ODBC database called "northwind" you can connect to the database with the following
ASP code:


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Open "northwind"

%>

With an ODBC connection, you can connect to any database, on any computer in
your network, as long as an ODBC connection is available.


An ODBC Connection to an MS Access Database
Here is how to create a connection to a MS Access Database: 


Open the ODBC icon in your Control Panel.
  Choose the System DSN tab.
  Click on  Add in the System DSN tab.
  
Select the Microsoft Access Driver. Click Finish.

  In the next screen, click  Select to locate the database.
  Give the database a Data Source Name (DSN).
  Click  OK.

Note that this configuration has to be done on the computer where your web site
is located. If you are running Personal Web Server (PWS)
or Internet Information Server (IIS) on your own computer,
the instructions above will work, but if your web site is located on a remote server, you have to
have physical access to that server, or ask your web
host to do this for you. 


The ADO Connection Object
The ADO Connection object is used to create an open connection to a data
source. Through this connection, you can access and manipulate a database.

View all methods and properties of the Connection object.


 ADO Recordset
into a
recordset. 


Create an ADO Table Recordset
After an ADO Database Connection has been created, as demonstrated in the
previous chapter, it is possible to create an ADO Recordset.  

Suppose we have a database named "Northwind", we can get access to the
"Customers" table inside the database with
the following lines:


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

rs.Open "Customers", conn

%>


Create an ADO SQL Recordset
We can also get access to the data in the "Customers" table using
SQL:


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

rs.Open "Select * from Customers", conn

%>


Extract Data from the Recordset
After a recordset is opened, we can extract data from recordset.  

Suppose we have a database named "Northwind", we can get access to the
"Customers" table inside the database with
the following lines:


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

rs.Open "Select * from Customers", conn


for each x in rs.fields

  response.write(x.name)

  response.write(" = ")

  response.write(x.value)

next

%>


The ADO Recordset Object
The ADO Recordset object is used to hold a set of records from a database table. 

View all methods and properties of the Recordset object.


 ADO Display
display the data in an HTML table. 


Display the Field Names and Field Values
We have a database named "Northwind" and we want to display the
data from the "Customers" table (remember to save the file with an 
.asp extension):

Example
<html>

<body>


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


set rs = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

rs.Open "SELECT * FROM Customers", conn


do until rs.EOF

  for each x in rs.Fields

    Response.Write(x.name)

    Response.Write(" = ")

    Response.Write(x.value & "<br>")

  next

  Response.Write("<br>")

  rs.MoveNext

loop


rs.close

conn.close

%>


</body>

</html>

Show example 





Display the Field Names and Field Values in an HTML Table
We can also display the data from the "Customers" table inside an HTML
table with the following lines (remember to save the file with an .asp 
extension):

Example
<html>

<body>


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


set rs = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

rs.Open "SELECT Companyname, Contactname FROM Customers", conn

%>


<table border="1" width="100%">

<%do until rs.EOF%>

  <tr>

  <%for each x in rs.Fields%>

    <td><%Response.Write(x.value)%></td>

  <%next

  rs.MoveNext%>

  </tr>

<%loop

rs.close

conn.close

%>

</table>


</body>

</html>

Show example 





Add Headers to the HTML Table
We want to add headers to the HTML
table to make it more readable (remember to save the file with an .asp 
extension):

Example
<html>

<body>


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


set rs = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

sql="SELECT Companyname, Contactname FROM Customers"

rs.Open sql, conn

%>


<table border="1" width="100%">

  <tr>

  <%for each x in rs.Fields

    response.write("<th>" & x.name & "</th>")

  next%>

  </tr>

  <%do until rs.EOF%>

    <tr>

    <%for each x in rs.Fields%>

      <td><%Response.Write(x.value)%></td>

    <%next

    rs.MoveNext%>

    </tr>

  <%loop

  rs.close

  conn.close

  %>

</table>


</body>

</html>

Show example 




More Examples
Add colors to the HTML table

How to add colors to the HTML table to make it look nice.


 ADO Queries
only a selected set of records and fields to view.


Display Selected Data
We want to display only the records from the "Customers" table that have a "Companyname" 
that starts with an A (remember to save the file with an .asp extension):

Example
<html>

<body>


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

sql="SELECT Companyname, Contactname FROM Customers

WHERE CompanyName LIKE 'A%'"

rs.Open sql, conn

%>


<table border="1" width="100%">

  <tr>

  <%for each x in rs.Fields

    response.write("<th>" & x.name & "</th>")

  next%>

  </tr>

  <%do until rs.EOF%>

    <tr>

    <%for each x in rs.Fields%>

      <td><%Response.Write(x.value)%></td>

    <%next

    rs.MoveNext%>

    </tr>

  <%loop

  rs.close

  conn.close%>

</table>


</body>

</html>

Show example 


More Examples


Display records 
where "Companyname" is > E

How to display only the records from the "Customers" table that have a "Companyname" 
that is larger than E.


Display only Spanish 
customers

How to display only the Spanish customers from the "Customers" table.


Let the user choose 
filter

Let the user choose which country to show customers from.


 ADO Sort
set. 


Sort the Data
We want to display the "Companyname" and "Contactname" fields from the "Customers" 
table, ordered by "Companyname" (remember to save the file with an .asp extension):

Example
<html>

<body>


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


set rs = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

sql="SELECT Companyname, Contactname FROM

Customers ORDER BY CompanyName"

rs.Open sql, conn

%>


<table border="1" width="100%">

  <tr>

  <%for each x in rs.Fields

    response.write("<th>" & x.name & "</th>")

  next%>

  </tr>

  <%do until rs.EOF%>

    <tr>

    <%for each x in rs.Fields%>

      <td><%Response.Write(x.value)%></td>

    <%next

    rs.MoveNext%>

    </tr>

  <%loop

  rs.close

  conn.close%>

</table>


</body>

</html>

Show example 



More Examples

Sort the records on a specified fieldname 
descending

How to sort the data on a specified fieldname.

Let the user choose what column to sort on

Let the user choose what column to sort on.


 ADO Add Records
table in a database. 


Add a Record to a Table in a Database
We want to add a new record to the Customers table in the Northwind database. 
We first create a form that contains the fields we want to collect data from:


<html>

<body>


<form method="post" action="demo_add.asp">

<table>

<tr>

<td>CustomerID:</td>

<td><input name="custid"></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>Company Name:</td>

<td><input name="compname"></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>Contact Name:</td>

<td><input name="contname"></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>Address:</td>

<td><input name="address"></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>City:</td>

<td><input name="city"></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>Postal Code:</td>

<td><input name="postcode"></td>

</tr><tr>

<td>Country:</td>

<td><input name="country"></td>

</tr>

</table>

<br><br>

<input type="submit" value="Add New">

<input type="reset" value="Cancel">

</form>


</body>

</html>



When the user presses the submit button the form is sent to a file called "demo_add.asp". 
The "demo_add.asp" file contains the code that will add a new record to the 
Customers table:


<html>

<body>


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


sql="INSERT INTO customers (customerID,companyname,"

sql=sql & "contactname,address,city,postalcode,country)"

sql=sql & " VALUES "

sql=sql & "('" & Request.Form("custid") & "',"

sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("compname") & "',"

sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("contname") & "',"

sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("address") & "',"

sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("city") & "',"

sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("postcode") & "',"

sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("country") & "')"


on error resume next

conn.Execute sql,recaffected

if err<>0 then

  Response.Write("No update permissions!")

else

  Response.Write("<h3>" & recaffected & " record added</h3>")

end if

conn.close

%>


</body>

</html>


Important
If you use the SQL INSERT command be aware of the following:


If the table contains a primary key, make sure to append a unique, 
non-Null value to the primary key field (if not, the provider may not append the 
  record, or an error occurs)
  If the table contains an AutoNumber field, do not include this field in 
  the SQL INSERT command (the value of this field will be taken care of 
  automatically by the provider)


What about Fields With no Data?
In a MS Access database, you can enter zero-length strings ("") in Text, 
Hyperlink, and Memo fields IF you set the AllowZeroLength property to 
Yes.

Note: Not all databases support zero-length strings and may cause an 
error when a record with blank fields is added. It is important to check what 
data types your database supports.



 ADO Update Records
table in a database. 


Update a Record in a Table
We want to update a record in the Customers table in the Northwind database. 
We first create a table that lists all records in the Customers table:


<html>

<body>

<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"

set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")

rs.open "SELECT * FROM customers",conn

%>


<h2>List Database</h2>

<table border="1" width="100%">

<tr>

<%

for each x in rs.Fields

  response.write("<th>" & ucase(x.name) & "</th>")

next

%>

</tr>

<% do until rs.EOF %>

<tr>

<form method="post" action="demo_update.asp">

<%

for each x in rs.Fields

  if lcase(x.name)="customerid" then%>

    <td>

    <input type="submit" name="customerID" value="<%=x.value%>">

    </td>

  <%else%>

    <td><%Response.Write(x.value)%></td>

  <%end if

next

%>

</form>

<%rs.MoveNext%>

</tr>

<%

loop

conn.close

%>

</table>


</body>

</html>



If the user clicks on the button in the "customerID" column he or she will be 
taken to a new file called "demo_update.asp". The "demo_update.asp" file 
contains the source code on how to create input fields based on the fields from 
one record in the database table. It also contains a "Update record" button 
that will save your changes:


<html>

<body>


<h2>Update Record</h2>

<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


cid=Request.Form("customerID")


if Request.form("companyname")="" then

  set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")

  rs.open "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customerID='" & cid & "'",conn

  %>

  <form method="post" action="demo_update.asp">

  <table>

  <%for each x in rs.Fields%>

  <tr>

  <td><%=x.name%></td>

  <td><input name="<%=x.name%>" value="<%=x.value%>"></td>

  <%next%>

  </tr>

  </table>

  <br><br>

  <input type="submit" value="Update record">

  </form>

<%

else

  sql="UPDATE customers SET "

  sql=sql & "companyname='" & Request.Form("companyname") & "',"

  sql=sql & "contactname='" & Request.Form("contactname") & "',"

  sql=sql & "address='" & Request.Form("address") & "',"

  sql=sql & "city='" & Request.Form("city") & "',"

  sql=sql & "postalcode='" & Request.Form("postalcode") & "',"

  sql=sql & "country='" & Request.Form("country") & "'"

  sql=sql & " WHERE customerID='" & cid & "'"

  on error resume next

  conn.Execute sql

  if err<>0 then

    response.write("No update permissions!")

  else

    response.write("Record " & cid & " was updated!")

  end if

end if

conn.close

%>


</body>

</html>


 ADO Delete Records
table in a database. 


Delete a Record in a Table
We want to delete a record in the Customers table in the Northwind database. 
We first create a table that lists all records in the Customers table:


<html>

<body>

<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"

set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")

rs.open "SELECT * FROM customers",conn

%>


<h2>List Database</h2>

<table border="1" width="100%">

<tr>

<%

for each x in rs.Fields

  response.write("<th>" & ucase(x.name) & "</th>")

next

%>

</tr>

<% do until rs.EOF %>

<tr>

<form method="post" action="demo_delete.asp">

<%

for each x in rs.Fields

  if x.name="customerID" then%>

    <td>

    <input type="submit" name="customerID" value="<%=x.value%>">

    </td>

  <%else%>

    <td><%Response.Write(x.value)%></td>

  <%end if

next

%>

</form>

<%rs.MoveNext%>

</tr>

<%

loop

conn.close

%>

</table>


</body>

</html>



If the user clicks on the button in the "customerID" column he or she will be 
taken to a new file called "demo_delete.asp". The "demo_delete.asp" file 
contains the source code on how to create input fields based on the fields from 
one record in the database table. It also contains a "Delete record" button 
that will delete the current record:


<html>

<body>


<h2>Delete Record</h2>

<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


cid=Request.Form("customerID")


if Request.form("companyname")="" then

  set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")

  rs.open "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customerID='" & cid & "'",conn

  %>

  <form method="post" action="demo_delete.asp">

  <table>

  <%for each x in rs.Fields%>

  <tr>

  <td><%=x.name%></td>

  <td><input name="<%=x.name%>" value="<%=x.value%>"></td>

  <%next%>

  </tr>

  </table>

  <br><br>

  <input type="submit" value="Delete record">

  </form>

<%

else

  sql="DELETE FROM customers"

  sql=sql & " WHERE customerID='" & cid & "'"

  on error resume next

  conn.Execute sql

  if err<>0 then

    response.write("No update permissions!")

  else

    response.write("Record " & cid & " was deleted!")

  end if

end if

conn.close

%>


</body>

</html>


 ADO Demonstration
ADO demos.



Read this First

If you try to update the database, you will get the error message: "You
do not have permission to update this database". You get this error because
you don't have write access to our server.


BUT, if you copy the code and run it on your own system, you might get the
same error. That is because the system might see you as an anonymous internet user
when you access the file via your browser. In that case, you have to change the access-rights
to get access to the file.



How to change the access-rights of your Access database?

Open Windows Explorer, find the .mdb file. Right-click on the .mdb file and 
select Properties. Go to the Security tab and set the access-rights here.



List, Edit, Update, and Delete Database Records

List, edit, update, and delete database records




Add a New Record to a Database


Add a new record



 ADO Speed Up With GetString()
of using multiple Response.Write's).


Multiple Response.Write's
The following example demonstrates one way of how to display a  
database query in an HTML table:


<html>

<body>


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


set rs = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

rs.Open "SELECT Companyname, Contactname FROM Customers", conn

%>


<table border="1" width="100%">

<%do until rs.EOF%>

  <tr>

    <td><%Response.Write(rs.fields("Companyname"))%></td>

    <td><%Response.Write(rs.fields("Contactname"))%></td>

  </tr>

<%rs.MoveNext

loop%>

</table>


<%

rs.close

conn.close

set rs = Nothing

set conn = Nothing

%>


</body>

</html>

For a large query, this can slow down the script processing time, since 
many Response.Write commands must be processed by the server.

The solution is to have the entire string created, from <table> to </table>, 
and then output it - using Response.Write just once.



The GetString() Method
The GetString() method allows you to display the string with only one Response.Write. 
It also eliminates the do...loop code and the conditional test that checks if 
the recordset is at EOF.

Syntax

str = rs.GetString(format,rows,coldel,rowdel,nullexpr)

To create an HTML table with data from a recordset, we only need to use three of the parameters above 
(all parameters are optional):


coldel - the HTML to use as a column-separator
  rowdel - the HTML to use as a row-separator
  nullexpr - the HTML to use if a column is NULL

Note: The GetString() method is an ADO 2.0 feature. You can download ADO 2.0 at
https://www.microsoft.com/data/download.htm.

In the following example we will use the GetString() method to hold the 
recordset as a string: 

Example
<html>

<body>


<%

set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"

conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"


set rs = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

rs.Open "SELECT Companyname, Contactname FROM Customers", conn


str=rs.GetString(,,"</td><td>","</td></tr><tr><td>","&nbsp;")

%>


<table border="1" width="100%">

  <tr>

    <td><%Response.Write(str)%></td>

  </tr>

</table>


<%

rs.close

conn.close

set rs = Nothing

set conn = Nothing

%>

</body>

</html>


Show example 




The str variable above contains a string of all the columns and rows 
returned by the SQL SELECT statement. Between each 
column the HTML 
</td><td> will appear, and between each row, the HTML </td></tr><tr><td> will 
appear. This will produce the exact HTML we need with only one Response.Write.


 ADO Command Object
The ADO Command object is used to execute a single query against a database. The query can
perform actions like creating, adding, retrieving, deleting or updating
records.

If the query is used to retrieve data, the data will be returned as a RecordSet object. This means that the retrieved data can be manipulated by
properties, collections, methods, and events of the Recordset object.

The major feature of the Command object is the ability to use stored queries and procedures
with parameters.


ProgID

set objCommand=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.command")


Properties

Property Description
  
ActiveConnection Sets or returns a definition for a connection if the connection is closed, or
      the current Connection object if the connection is open
  
CommandText Sets or returns a provider command
  
CommandTimeout Sets or returns the number of seconds to wait while attempting to execute a
      command
  
CommandType Sets or returns the type of a Command object
  
Name Sets or returns the name of a Command
      object
  
Prepared Sets or returns a Boolean value that, if set to True, indicates that the command should
      save a prepared version of the query before the first execution
  
State Returns a value that describes if the Command object is open, closed, connecting, executing or
      retrieving data
  


Methods

Method Description
  
Cancel Cancels an execution of a method
  
CreateParameter Creates a new Parameter object
  
Execute Executes the query, SQL statement or procedure in the
      CommandText property
  


Collections

Collection Description
  
Parameters Contains all the Parameter objects of a Command Object
  
Properties Contains all the Property objects of a Command Object
  


 ADO Connection Object
The ADO Connection Object is used to create an open connection to a data source. Through this
connection, you can access and manipulate
a database.

If you want to access a database multiple times, you should establish a connection using the Connection object.
You can also make a connection to a database by passing a connection string via a Command or Recordset object. However,
this type of connection is only good for one specific, single query.


ProgID

set objConnection=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.connection")


Properties

Property Description
  
Attributes Sets or returns the attributes of a Connection
      object
  
CommandTimeout Sets or returns the number of seconds to wait while
      attempting to execute a command
  
ConnectionString Sets or returns the details used to create a connection to a data
      source
  
ConnectionTimeout Sets or returns the number of seconds to wait for a connection to
      open
  
CursorLocation Sets or returns the location of the cursor service
  
DefaultDatabase Sets or returns the default database name
  
IsolationLevel Sets or returns the isolation level
  
Mode Sets or returns the provider access permission
  
Provider Sets or returns the provider name
  
State Returns a value describing if the connection is open or
      closed
  
Version Returns the ADO version number
  



Methods

Method Description
  
BeginTrans Begins a new transaction
  
Cancel Cancels an execution
  
Close Closes a connection
  
CommitTrans Saves any changes and ends the current transaction
  
Execute Executes a query, statement, procedure or provider specific
      text
  
Open Opens a connection
  
OpenSchema Returns schema information from the provider about the data
      source
  
RollbackTrans Cancels any changes in the current transaction and ends the
      transaction
  


Events
Note:  You cannot handle events using VBScript or JScript (only Visual Basic, Visual C++, and Visual J++ languages can handle
events).


Event Description
  
BeginTransComplete Triggered after the BeginTrans operation
  
CommitTransComplete Triggered after the CommitTrans operation
  
  ConnectComplete
Triggered after a connection starts
  
  Disconnect
Triggered after a connection ends
  
  ExecuteComplete
Triggered after a command has finished executing
  
  InfoMessage
Triggered if a warning occurs during a ConnectionEvent
      operation
  
  RollbackTransComplete
Triggered after the RollbackTrans operation
  
WillConnect Triggered before a connection starts
  
WillExecute Triggered before a command is executed
  


Collections

Collection Description
  
Errors Contains all the Error objects of the Connection object
  
Properties Contains all the Property objects of the Connection object
  


 ADO Error Object
The ADO Error object contains details about data access errors that have been generated during a
single operation. 


ADO generates one Error object for each error. Each Error object contains details of the specific
error, and are stored in the Errors collection. To access the errors, you must refer to
a specific connection.

To loop through the Errors collection:


<%

for each objErr in objConn.Errors

  response.write("<p>")

  response.write("Description: ")

  response.write(objErr.Description & "<br>")

  response.write("Help context: ")

  response.write(objErr.HelpContext & "<br>")

  response.write("Help file: ")

  response.write(objErr.HelpFile & "<br>")

  response.write("Native error: ")

  response.write(objErr.NativeError & "<br>")

  response.write("Error number: ")

  response.write(objErr.Number & "<br>")

  response.write("Error source: ")

  response.write(objErr.Source & "<br>")

  response.write("SQL state: ")

  response.write(objErr.SQLState & "<br>")

  response.write("</p>")

next

%>


Syntax

objErr.property


Properties

Property Description
  
Description Returns an error description
  
HelpContext Returns the context ID of a topic in
      the Microsoft Windows help system
  
HelpFile Returns the full path of the help
      file in the Microsoft Windows help system
  
NativeError Returns an error code from the provider or the data source
  
Number Returns a unique number that identifies the error
  
Source Returns the name of the object or application that generated the
      error
  
SQLState Returns a 5-character SQL error code
  


 ADO Field Object
The ADO Field object contains information about a column in a Recordset object. There is one Field object for each
column in the Recordset.



ProgID

set objField=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.field")


Properties

Property Description
  
ActualSize Returns the actual length of a field's
      value
  
Attributes Sets or returns the attributes of a Field
      object
  
DefinedSize Returns the defined size of a field
  
Name Sets or returns the name of a Field
      object
  
NumericScale Sets or returns the number of decimal places allowed for
      numeric values in a Field
      object
  
OriginalValue Returns the original value of a field
  
Precision Sets or returns the maximum number of digits allowed when
      representing numeric values in a Field
      object
  
Status Returns the status of a Field object
  
Type Sets or returns the type of a Field object
  
UnderlyingValue Returns the current value of a field
  
Value Sets or returns the value of a Field object 
  


Methods

Method Description
  
AppendChunk Appends long binary or character data to a Field object
  
GetChunk Returns all or a part of the contents of a large text or
      binary data Field object
  


Collections

Collection
      Description
Properties
      Contains all the Property objects for a Field object


 ADO Parameter Object
The ADO Parameter object provides information about a single parameter used in a stored procedure or
query.  

A Parameter object is added to the Parameters Collection when it is created.
The Parameters Collection is associated with a specific Command object, which uses the
Collection to pass parameters in and out of stored procedures and queries.

Parameters can be used to create Parameterized Commands. These commands are (after they have been
defined and stored) using parameters to alter some details of the command before it is executed.
For example, an SQL SELECT statement could use a parameter to define the
criteria of a WHERE clause.

There are four types of parameters: input parameters, output parameters, input/output
parameters and return parameters.


Syntax

objectname.property

objectname.method


Properties

Property Description
  
Attributes Sets or returns the attributes of a Parameter
      object
  
Direction Sets or returns how a parameter is passed to or from a
      procedure
  
Name Sets or returns the name of a Parameter
      object
  
NumericScale Sets or returns the number of digits stored to the right
      side of the decimal point for a numeric value of a Parameter object
  
Precision Sets or returns the maximum number of digits allowed when
      representing numeric values in a Parameter
  
Size Sets or returns the maximum size in bytes or characters of
      a value in a Parameter object
  
Type Sets or returns the type of a Parameter object
  
Value Sets or returns the value of a Parameter object 
  


Methods

Method Description
  
AppendChunk Appends long binary or character data to a Parameter object
  
Delete Deletes an object from the Parameters Collection
  


 ADO Property Object
The ADO Property object represents a dynamic characteristic of an ADO object that is defined by the provider.

Each provider that talks with ADO has different ways of interacting with ADO. Therefore, ADO needs
to store information about the provider in some way. The solution is that the provider gives specific
information (dynamic properties) to ADO. ADO stores each provider property in a Property object
that is again stored in the Properties Collection. The Collection is assigned to
either a Command object, Connection object, Field object, or a Recordset object.


ProgID

set objProperty=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.property")


Properties

Property Description
  
Attributes Returns the attributes of a Property
      object
  
Name Sets or returns the name of a Property
      object
  
Type Returns the type of a Property object
  
Value Sets or returns the value of a Property object 
  


 ADO Record Object
The ADO Record object is used to hold a row in a Recordset, a directory, or a
file from a file system.

Only structured databases could be accessed by ADO in versions prior 2.5. In
a structured database, each table has the exact same number of columns in each row, and each column is composed of the same data type.

The Record object allows access to data-sets where the number of columns and/or the data type can
be different from row to row. 


Syntax

objectname.property

objectname.method


Properties

Property Description
  
ActiveConnection Sets or returns which Connection object a Record object
      belongs to
  
Mode Sets or returns the permission for modifying data in a
      Record object
  
ParentURL Returns the absolute URL of the parent Record
  
RecordType Returns the type of a Record object
  
Source Sets or returns the src parameter of the Open method of a Record
      object
  
State Returns the status of a Record object
  


Methods

Method Description
  
Cancel Cancels an execution of a CopyRecord, DeleteRecord,
      MoveRecord, or Open call
  
Close Closes a Record object
  
CopyRecord Copies a file or directory to another location
  
DeleteRecord Deletes a file or directory
  
  GetChildren
Returns a Recordset object where each row represents the
      files in the directory
  
MoveRecord Moves a file or a directory to another location
  
Open Opens an existing Record object or creates a new file or
      directory
  



Collections

Collection Description
  
Properties A collection of provider-specific properties
  
Fields Contains all the Field objects in the Record object
  


The Fields Collection's Properties

Property Description
  
Count Returns the number of items in the fields collection.
      Starts at zero.
      Example:

      countfields=rec.Fields.Count

    
  
Item(named_item/number) Returns a specified item in the fields collection.
      Example:

      itemfields=rec.Fields.Item(1)

      or

      itemfields = rec.Fields.Item("Name")

    
  


 ADO Recordset Object
GetRows

This example demonstrates how to use the GetRows method.


Recordset Object
The ADO Recordset object is used to hold a set of records from a database table.
A Recordset object consist of records and columns (fields).

In ADO, this object is the most important and the one used most often to 
manipulate data from a database.


ProgID

set objRecordset=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")



When you first open a Recordset, the current record pointer will point to the first record and the BOF and EOF properties are
False. If there are no records, the BOF and EOF property are True.

Recordset objects can support two types of updating: 




Immediate updating - all changes are written immediately to the
    database once you call the Update method.
  
Batch updating - the provider will cache multiple changes and then 
  send them to the database with the UpdateBatch method.

In ADO there are 4 different cursor types defined:




Dynamic cursor - Allows you to see additions, changes, and deletions by other
    users.
  
Keyset cursor - Like a dynamic cursor, except that
    you cannot see additions by other users, and it prevents access to records that other users
    have deleted. Data changes by other users will still be visible.
  
Static cursor - Provides a static copy of a recordset for you to use to find data or generate
    reports. Additions, changes, or deletions by other users will not be visible. This is the only type of cursor allowed when you open a client-side Recordset object.
  
Forward-only cursor - Allows you to only scroll forward through the Recordset. Additions, changes, or deletions by other users will not be visible. 

The cursor type can be set by the CursorType property or by the CursorType
parameter in the Open method.

Note: Not all providers support all methods or properties of the Recordset
object.



Properties

Property
    Description
  
AbsolutePage Sets or returns a value that specifies the page number in the Recordset object
  
AbsolutePosition Sets or returns a value that specifies the ordinal position of the current record in the Recordset object
  
ActiveCommand Returns the Command object associated with the Recordset
  
ActiveConnection Sets or returns a definition for a connection if the connection is closed,
    or the current Connection object if the connection is open
  
BOF Returns true if the current record position is before the first record, otherwise false
  
Bookmark Sets or returns a bookmark. The bookmark saves the position of the current record
  
CacheSize Sets or returns the number of records that can be cached
  
CursorLocation Sets or returns the location of the cursor service
  
CursorType Sets or returns the cursor type of a Recordset object
  
DataMember Sets or returns the name of the data member that will be
      retrieved from the object referenced by the DataSource property
  
DataSource Specifies an object containing data to be represented as a Recordset object
  
EditMode Returns the editing status of the current record
  
EOF Returns true if the current record position is after the last record, otherwise false
  
Filter Sets or returns a filter for the data in a Recordset object
  
Index Sets or returns the name of the current index for a
      Recordset object
  
LockType Sets or returns a value that specifies the type of locking
      when editing a record in a Recordset
  
MarshalOptions Sets or returns a value that specifies which records are to 
    be returned to the server
  
MaxRecords Sets or returns the maximum number of records to return to a Recordset object from a query
  
PageCount Returns the number of pages with data in a Recordset object
  
PageSize Sets or returns the maximum number of records allowed on a
      single page of a Recordset object
  
RecordCount Returns the number of records in a Recordset object
  
Sort Sets or returns the field names in the Recordset to sort on
  
Source Sets a string value or a Command object reference, or
      returns a String value that indicates the data source of the Recordset
      object
  
State Returns a value that describes if the Recordset object is
      open, closed, connecting, executing or retrieving data
  
Status Returns the status of the current record with regard to
      batch updates or other bulk operations
  
StayInSync Sets or returns whether the reference to the child records
      will change when the parent record position changes
  


Methods

Method Description
  
AddNew Creates a new record
  
Cancel Cancels an execution
  
CancelBatch Cancels a batch update
  
CancelUpdate 
Cancels changes made to a record of a Recordset
      object



    
  
Clone Creates a duplicate of an existing Recordset
  
Close Closes a Recordset
  
CompareBookmarks Compares two bookmarks
  
Delete Deletes a record or a group of records
  
Find Searches for a record in a Recordset that
      satisfies a specified criteria
  
GetRows Copies multiple records from a Recordset object
      into a two-dimensional array
  
GetString Returns a Recordset as a string
  
Move Moves the record pointer in a Recordset object
  
MoveFirst Moves the record pointer to the first record
  
MoveLast Moves the record pointer to the last record
  
MoveNext Moves the record pointer to the next record
  
MovePrevious Moves the record pointer to the previous record
  
NextRecordset Clears the current Recordset object and returns
      the next Recordset object by looping through a series of commands
  
 Open
Opens a database element that gives you access
      to records in a table, the results of a query, or to a saved Recordset
  
Requery Updates the data in a Recordset by re-executing
      the query that made the original Recordset
  
Resync Refreshes the data in the current Recordset from the original database
  
Save Saves a Recordset object to a file or a Stream
      object
  
Seek Searches the index of a Recordset to find a
      record that matches the specified values
  
Supports Returns a boolean value that defines whether or
      not a Recordset object supports a specific type of functionality
  
Update Saves all changes made to a single record 
      in a Recordset object
  
UpdateBatch
    Saves all changes in a Recordset to the database.
    Used when working in batch update mode
  


Events

Note:  You cannot handle events using VBScript or JScript (only
Visual Basic, Visual C++, and Visual J++ languages can handle events).


Event Description
  
EndOfRecordset Triggered when you try to move to a record after the last record
  
FetchComplete Triggered after all records in an asynchronous operation have
      been fetched
  
FetchProgress Triggered periodically in an asynchronous operation,
    to state how many more records that have been fetched
  
FieldChangeComplete Triggered after the value of a Field object change
  
MoveComplete Triggered after the current position in the Recordset has changed
  
RecordChangeComplete Triggered after a record has changed
  
RecordsetChangeComplete Triggered after the Recordset has changed
  
WillChangeField Triggered before the value of a Field object change
  
WillChangeRecord Triggered before a record change
  
WillChangeRecordset Triggered before a Recordset change
  
WillMove Triggered before the current position in the Recordset changes
  


Collections


Collection Description
  
Fields Indicates the number of Field objects in the Recordset object
  
Properties Contains all the Property objects in the Recordset object
  


The Fields Collection's Properties


Property Description
  
Count Returns the number of items in the fields collection. Starts at zero.
      Example:

      countfields=rs.Fields.Count

    
  
Item(named_item/number) Returns a specified item in the fields collection.
      Example:

      itemfields=rs.Fields.Item(1)

      or

      itemfields=rs.Fields.Item("Name")

    
  


The Properties Collection's Properties


Property Description
  
Count Returns the number of items in the properties collection. Starts at zero.
      Example:

      countprop=rs.Properties.Count

    
  
Item(named_item/number) Returns a specified item in the properties collection.
      Example:

      itemprop = rs.Properties.Item(1)

      or

      itemprop=rs.Properties.Item("Name")

    
  


 ADO Stream Object
The ADO Stream Object is used to read, write, and manage a stream of binary data or text.

A Stream object can be obtained in three ways:


From a URL pointing to a document, a folder, or a Record object
  By instantiating a Stream object to store data for your application
  By opening the default Stream object associated with a Record object


Syntax

objectname.property

objectname.method


Properties

Property Description
  
CharSet Sets or returns a value that specifies into which character set the contents
      are to be
      translated. This property is only used with text Stream objects (type is
      adTypeText)
  
EOS Returns whether the current position is at the end of the
      stream or not
  
LineSeparator Sets or returns the line separator character used in a text Stream
      object
  
Mode Sets or returns the available permissions for modifying
      data
  
Position Sets or returns the current position (in bytes) from the
      beginning of a Stream object
  
Size Returns the size of an open Stream
      object
  
State Returns a value describing if the Stream object is open or
      closed
  
Type Sets or returns the type of data in a Stream object
  



Methods

Method Description
  
Cancel Cancels an execution of an Open call on a Stream object
  
Close Closes a Stream object
  
CopyTo Copies a specified number of characters/bytes from one
      Stream object into another Stream object
  
Flush Sends the contents of the Stream buffer to the associated
      underlying object
  
  LoadFromFile
Loads the contents of a file into a Stream object
  
Open Opens a Stream object
  
Read Reads the entire stream or a specified number of bytes from
      a binary Stream object
  
  ReadText
Reads the entire stream, a line, or a specified number of
      characters from a text Stream object
  
  SaveToFile
Saves the binary contents of a Stream object to a file
  
  SetEOS
Sets the current position to be the end of the stream (EOS)
  
SkipLine Skips a line when reading a text Stream
  
Write Writes binary data to a binary Stream object
  
WriteText Writes character data to a text Stream object
  


 ADO Data Types

DataType Enum
    Value
    Access
    SQLServer
    Oracle
  
adBigInt 20  BigInt (SQL Server 2000 +)  
  
adBinary 128  Binary

    TimeStamp Raw *
  
adBoolean 11 YesNo Bit  
  
adChar 129  Char Char
  
adCurrency 6 Currency Money

    SmallMoney  
  
adDate 7 Date DateTime  
  
adDBTimeStamp 135 DateTime (Access 97 (ODBC)) DateTime

    SmallDateTime Date
  
adDecimal 14   Decimal *
  
adDouble 5 Double Float Float
  
adGUID 72 ReplicationID (Access 97 (OLEDB)), (Access 2000 (OLEDB)) UniqueIdentifier (SQL Server 7.0 +)  
  
adIDispatch 9    
  
adInteger 3 AutoNumber

    Integer

    Long Identity (SQL Server 6.5)

    Int

 Int *
  
adLongVarBinary 205 OLEObject Image Long Raw *

    Blob (Oracle 8.1.x)
  
adLongVarChar 201 Memo (Access 97)

    Hyperlink (Access 97) Text Long *

    Clob (Oracle 8.1.x)
  
adLongVarWChar 203 Memo (Access 2000 (OLEDB))

    Hyperlink (Access 2000 (OLEDB)) NText (SQL Server 7.0 +) NClob (Oracle 8.1.x)
  
adNumeric 131 Decimal (Access 2000 (OLEDB)) Decimal

    Numeric Decimal

    Integer

    Number

    SmallInt
  
adSingle 4 Single Real  
  
adSmallInt 2 Integer SmallInt  
  
adUnsignedTinyInt 17 Byte TinyInt  
  
adVarBinary 204 ReplicationID (Access 97) VarBinary  
  
adVarChar 200 Text (Access 97) VarChar VarChar
  
adVariant 12  Sql_Variant (SQL Server 2000 +) VarChar2
  
adVarWChar 202 Text (Access 2000 (OLEDB)) NVarChar (SQL Server 7.0 +) NVarChar2
  
adWChar 130  NChar (SQL Server 7.0 +)  
  

* In Oracle 8.0.x - decimal and int are equal to number and number(10).
Method	Description
Database.Execute(SQLstatement [, parameters])	Executes SQLstatement (with optional parameters) such as INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE and returns a count of affected records.
Database.GetLastInsertId()	Returns the identity column from the most recently inserted row.
Database.Open(filename) Database.Open(connectionStringName)	Opens either the specified database file or the database specified using a named connection string from the Web.config file.
Database.OpenConnectionString(connectionString)	Opens a database using the connection string. (This contrasts with Database.Open, which uses a connection string name.)
Database.Query(SQLstatement[, parameters])	Queries the database using SQLstatement (optionally passing parameters) and returns the results as a collection.
Database.QuerySingle(SQLstatement [, parameters])	Executes SQLstatement (with optional parameters) and returns a single record.
Database.QueryValue(SQLstatement [, parameters])	Executes SQLstatement (with optional parameters) and returns a single value.
Helper	Description
Bing.SearchBox([boxWidth])	Passes a search to Bing. To specify the site to search and a title for the search box, you can set the Bing.SiteUrl and Bing.SiteTitle properties. Normally you set these properties in the _AppStart page.
Bing.AdvancedSearchBox([, boxWidth] [, resultWidth] [, resultHeight] [, themeColor] [, locale])	Displays Bing search results in the page with optional formatting. To specify the site to search and a title for the search box, you can set the Bing.SiteUrl and Bing.SiteTitle properties. Normally you set these properties in the _AppStart page.
Helper	Description
WebCache.Get(key)	Returns the object specified by key, or null if the object is not found.
WebCache.Remove(key)	Removes the object specified by key from the cache.
WebCache.Set(key, value [, minutesToCache] [, slidingExpiration])	Puts value into the cache under the name specified by key.
Examples in C#	Examples in VB
Basic Web Pages Display Date and Time Reusable Header and Footer Basic HTML Form Examples Explained	Basic Web Pages Display Date and Time Reusable Header and Footer Basic HTML Form Examples Explained
Basic C# For Loop For Each Loop While Loop Array If Condition If Else Condition Else If Condition Switch Condition Examples Explained	Basic VB For Loop For Each Loop While Loop Array If Condition If Else Condition Else If Condition Select Condition Examples Explained
Working with Databases Display Database Data Display Data with WebGrid Examples Explained	Working with Databases Display Database Data Display Data with WebGrid Examples Explained
Using the Chart Helper Display a Bar Chart from an Array Display a Bar Chart from a Database Display a Pie Chart from a Database Display a Pie Chart from an XML File Examples Explained	Using the Chart Helper Display a Bar Chart from an Array Display a Bar Chart from a Database Display a Pie Chart from a Database Display a Pie Chart from an XML File Examples Explained
URL	https://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_intro.asp
Server name	w3schools
Virtual path	/html/html5_intro.asp
Physical path	C:\MyWebSites\w3schools\html\html5_intro.asp
Method	Description
href	Builds a URL using the specified parameters
RenderBody()	Renders the portion of a content page that is not within a named section (In layout pages)
RenderPage(page)	Renders the content of one page within another page
RenderSection(section)	Renders the content of a named section (In layout pages)
Write(object)	Writes the object as an HTML-encoded string
WriteLiteral	Writes an object without HTML-encoding it first.
Property	Description
IsPost	Returns true if the HTTP data transfer method used by the client is a POST request
Layout	Gets or sets the path of a layout page
Page	Provides property-like access to data shared between pages and layout pages
Request	Gets the HttpRequest object for the current HTTP request
Server	Gets the HttpServerUtility object that provides web-page processing methods
Helper	Description
Analytics.GetGoogleHtml(webPropertyId)	Renders the Google Analytics JavaScript code for the specified ID.
Analytics.GetStatCounterHtml(project, security)	Renders the StatCounter Analytics JavaScript code for the specified project.
Analytics.GetYahooHtml(account)	Renders the Yahoo Analytics JavaScript code for the specified account.
Helper	Description
Json.Encode(object)	Converts a data object to a string in the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format.
Json.Decode(string)	Converts a JSON-encoded input string to a data object that you can iterate over or insert into a database.
Helper	Description
ModelStateDictionary.AddError(key, errorMessage)	Associates an error message with a form field. Use the ModelState helper to access this member.
ModelStateDictionary.AddFormError(errorMessage)	Associates an error message with a form. Use the ModelState helper to access this member.
ModelStateDictionary.IsValid	Returns true if there are no validation errors. Use the ModelState helper to access this member.
Helper	Description
Recaptcha.GetHtml([, publicKey] [, theme] [, language] [, tabIndex])	Renders the reCAPTCHA verification test.
ReCaptcha.PublicKey ReCaptcha.PrivateKey	Sets public and private keys for the reCAPTCHA service. Normally you set these properties in the _AppStart page.
ReCaptcha.Validate([, privateKey])	Returns the result of the reCAPTCHA test.
Helper	Description
Twitter.Profile(twitterUserName)	Renders a Twitter stream for the specified user.
Twitter.Search(searchQuery)	Renders a Twitter stream for the specified search text.
Helper	Description
Video.Flash(filename [, width, height])	Renders a Flash video player for the specified file with optional width and height.
Video.MediaPlayer(filename [, width, height])	Renders a Windows Media player for the specified file with optional width and height.
Video.Silverlight(filename, width, height)	Renders a Silverlight player for the specified .xap file with required width and height.
Helper	Description
WebImage(path)	Loads an image from the specified path.
WebImage.AddImagesWatermark(image)	Adds the specified image as a watermark.
WebImage.AddTextWatermark(text)	Adds the specified text to the image.
WebImage.FlipHorizontal() WebImage.FlipVertical()	Flips the image horizontally or vertically.
WebImage.GetImageFromRequest()	Loads an image when an image is posted to a page during a file upload.
WebImage.Resize(width, height)	Resizes the image.
WebImage.RotateLeft() WebImage.RotateRight()	Rotates the image to the left or the right.
WebImage.Save(path [, imageFormat])	Saves the image to the specified path.
Helper	Description
WebGrid(data)	Creates a new WebGrid object using data from a query.
WebGrid.GetHtml()	Renders markup to display data in an HTML table.
WebGrid.Pager()	Renders a pager for the WebGrid object.
Helper	Description
Chart(width, height [, template] [, templatePath])	Initializes a chart.
Chart.AddLegend([title] [, name])	Adds a legend to a chart.
Chart.AddSeries([name] [, chartType] [, chartArea] [, axisLabel] [, legend] [, markerStep] [, xValue] [, xField] [, yValues] [, yFields] [, options])	Adds a series of values to the chart.
Properties	Description
SmtpServer	The name the SMTP server that will send the emails
SmtpPort	The port the server will use to send SMTP emails
EnableSsl	True, if the server should use SSL encryption
UserName	The name of the SMTP account used to send the email
Password	The password of the SMTP account
From	The email to appear in the from address
Parameter	Type	Description
to	String	The Email recipients (separated by semicolon)
subject	String	The subject line
body	String	The body of the message
Parameter	Type	Description
from	String	The email of the sender
cc	String	The cc emails (separated by semicolon)
filesToAttach	Collection	Filenames
isBodyHtml	Boolean	True if the email body is in HTML
additionalHeaders	Collection	Additional headers
Name	Value
Class	System.Web.Helpers.WebMail
Namespace	System.Web.Helpers
Assembly	System.Web.Helpers.dll
Properties	Description
CurrentUserId	Gets the ID for the current user
CurrentUserName	Gets the name of the current user
HasUserId	Returns true if the current has a user ID
IsAuthenticated	Returns true if the current user is logged in
Method	Description
ChangePassword()	Changes the password for a user
ConfirmAccount()	Confirms an account using a confirmation token
CreateAccount()	Creates a new user account
CreateUserAndAccount()	Creates a new user account
GeneratePasswordResetToken()	Generates a token that can be sent to as user by email
GetCreateDate()	Gets the time the specified membership was created
GetPasswordChangeDate()	Gets the date and time when password was changed
GetUserId()	Gets a user ID from a user name
InitializeDatabaseConnection()	Initializes the WebSecurity system (database)
IsConfirmed()	Checks if a user is confirmed
IsCurrentUser()	Checks if the current user matches a user name
Login()	Logs the user in by setting a token in the cookie
Logout()	Logs the user out by removing the token cookie
RequireAuthenticatedUser()	Exits the page if the user is not an authenticated user
RequireRoles()	Exits the page if the user is not a part of the specified roles
RequireUser()	Exits the page if the user is not the specified user
ResetPassword()	Changes a user's password using a token
UserExists()	Checks if a given user exists
Method	Description
AsBool(), AsBool(true\|false)	Converts a string value to a Boolean value (true/false). Returns false or the specified value if the string does not represent true/false.
AsDateTime(), AsDateTime(value)	Converts a string value to date/time. Returns DateTime. MinValue or the specified value if the string does not represent a date/time.
AsDecimal(), AsDecimal(value)	Converts a string value to a decimal value. Returns 0.0 or the specified value if the string does not represent a decimal value.
AsFloat(), AsFloat(value)	Converts a string value to a float. Returns 0.0 or the specified value if the string does not represent a decimal value.
AsInt(), AsInt(value)	Converts a string value to an integer. Returns 0 or the specified value if the string does not represent an integer.
Href(path [, param1 [, param2]])	Creates a browser-compatible URL from a local file path, with optional additional path parts.
Html.Raw(value)	Renders value as HTML markup instead of rendering it as HTML-encoded output.
IsBool(), IsDateTime(), IsDecimal(), IsFloat(), IsInt()	Returns true if the value can be converted from a string to the specified type.
IsEmpty()	Returns true if the object or variable has no value.
IsPost	Returns true if the request is a POST. (Initial requests are usually a GET.)
Layout	Specifies the path of a layout page to apply to this page.
PageData[key], PageData[index], Page	Contains data shared between the page, layout pages, and partial pages in the current request. You can use the dynamic Page property to access the same data, as in the following example:
RenderBody()	(Layout pages) Renders the content of a content page that is not in any named sections.
RenderPage(path, values) RenderPage(path[, param1 [, param2]])	Renders a content page using the specified path and optional extra data. You can get the values of the extra parameters from PageData by position (example 1) or key (example 2).
RenderSection(sectionName [, required = true\|false])	(Layout pages) Renders a content section that has a name. Set required to false to make a section optional.
Request.Cookies[key]	Gets or sets the value of an HTTP cookie.
Request.Files[key]	Gets the files that were uploaded in the current request.
Request.Form[key]	Gets data that was posted in a form (as strings). Request[key] checks both the Request.Form and the Request.QueryString collections.
Request.QueryString[key]	Gets data that was specified in the URL query string. Request[key] checks both the Request.Form and the Request.QueryString collections.
Request.Unvalidated(key) Request.Unvalidated().QueryString\|Form\|Cookies\|Headers[key]	Selectively disables request validation for a form element, query-string value, cookie, or header value. Request validation is enabled by default and prevents users from posting markup or other potentially dangerous content.
Response.AddHeader(name, value)	Adds an HTTP server header to the response.
Response.OutputCache(seconds [, sliding] [, varyByParams])	Caches the page output for a specified time. Optionally set sliding to reset the timeout on each page access and varyByParams to cache different versions of the page for each different query string in the page request.
Response.Redirect(path)	Redirects the browser request to a new location.
Response.SetStatus(httpStatusCode)	Sets the HTTP status code sent to the browser.
Response.WriteBinary(data [, mimetype])	Writes the contents of data to the response with an optional MIME type.
Response.WriteFile(file)	Writes the contents of a file to the response.
@section(sectionName) { content }	(Layout pages) Defines a content section that has a name.
Server.HtmlDecode(htmlText)	Decodes a string that is HTML encoded.
Server.HtmlEncode(text)	Encodes a string for rendering in HTML markup.
Server.MapPath(virtualPath)	Returns the server physical path for the specified virtual path.
Server.UrlDecode(urlText)	Decodes text from a URL.
Server.UrlEncode(text)	Encodes text to put in a URL.
Session[key]	Gets or sets a value that exists until the user closes the browser.
ToString()	Displays a string representation of the object's value.
UrlData[index]	Gets additional data from the URL (for example, /MyPage/ExtraData).
Type	Description	Examples
int	Integer (whole numbers)	103, 12, 5168
float	Floating-point number	3.14, 3.4e38
decimal	Decimal number (higher precision)	1037.196543
bool	Boolean	true, false
string	String	"Hello W3Schools", "John"